M2 L2 Classification of Sugars

Question 1

what are the three common monosaccharides? (may fruits)

Answer 1

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 2

__________ (dextrose) is blood sugar and the most

abundant monosaccharide.

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

what are the normal blood glucose levels

Answer 3

70-110 mg/dL

Question 4

Excess glucose is stored as the polysaccharide

glycogen or

Answer 4

fat

Question 5

______ regulates blood glucose levels by
stimulating the uptake of glucose into tissues or
the formation of glycogen.

Answer 5

insulin

Question 6

Patients with diabetes produce insufficient _____
to adequately regulate blood sugar levels, so they
must monitor their diet and/or inject _______ daily.

Answer 6

insulin

Question 7

Galactose is one of the components of the

disaccharide _______

Answer 7

lactose

Question 8

Patients with ________ lack an enzyme needed
to metabolize galactose, which accumulates and
causes cataracts (clouding of eye) and cirrhosis (liver disease

Answer 8

galactosemia

Question 9

______ is one of the components of the

disaccharide sucrose.

Answer 9

fructose

Question 10

It is a _____ found in honey and almost
twice as sweet as table sugar with the same
number of calories per gram. (the reason why healthy dieters choose honey over sugar)

Answer 10

ketohexose

Question 11

disaccharides are linked using: _____

Answer 11

acetal

Question 12

what is a glycosidic linkage?

Answer 12

the bond between two monosaccharides

Question 13

alpha = up/down
beta= up/down

Answer 13

down;

up

Question 14

what can break the glycosidic linkage?

Answer 14

hydrolysis (adding water) (explains why sugar dissolve in water)

Question 15

Polysaccharides contain

Answer 15

3/more monosaccharides joined together

Question 16

Cellulose is an UNBRANCHED POLYMER made up of
repeating glucose units joined by 1->4-(beta or alpha?)-
glycosidic linkages.

Answer 16

beta

Question 17

______is found in the cell walls of all plants,
where it gives support and rigidity to wood,
plant stems, and grass.

Answer 17

cellulose

Question 18

Humans possess the enzyme to hydrolyze cellulose (b-glycosidase) and can digest it.
[true/false?]

Answer 18

false

Question 19

Cellulose makes up insoluble fiber in our
diets, which is important in adding bulk to waste
to help eliminate it more easily.

[true/false]?

Answer 19

true (cellulose aay pampadali ng pag-tae)

Question 20

Starch is a polymer made up of repeating glucose
units joined by _______ glycosidic linkages.

• this is present in corn, rice, wheat, potatoes

Answer 20

alpha

Question 21

what is the first main type of starch? (clue: loser siya) (jk pang mnemonics lang un)

Answer 21

amylose

Question 22

2nd main type of starch? (siya ulit)

Answer 22

amylopectin

Question 23

ano ang difference ng amylose sa amylopectin pwera sa pangalawang type ang amylopectin?

Answer 23

amylopectin is a branched polymer (1->4 alpha) and (1->6 alpha)

amylose is unbranched with (1->4 alpha)

Question 24

ano ang diff. bet amylose and amylopectin

Answer 24

both can be digested using amylase

Question 25

_______ is the major form of polysaccharide
storage in animals, similar in structure to
amylopectin.

Answer 25

glycogen

Question 26

glycogen is mainly stored in:

Answer 26

liver and muscle cells

Question 27

When glucose is needed for energy, glucose
units are hydrolyzed from the start of the glycogen
polymer.
[true/false]?

Answer 27

false; ends

Question 28

is glycogen highly branched

Answer 28

yes (therefore easily hydrolized)