M2: COMMON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY PROCEDURES

Question 1

Molecular test require ___ for accurate and consistent test results

Answer 1

optimal specimen handling and processing

Question 2

Gloves are important, not only as a part of standard precautions in a molecular biology laboratory but also to ___

Answer 2

protect nucleic acids from nuclease degradation from contaminating DNases

Question 3

How many patient identifiers should be used before collecting a specimen ?

Answer 3

at least two

Question 4

ID errors can have serious consequences for patients including

Answer 4

missed or delayed diagnosis
incorrect or unnecessary treatment
patient injury
severe transfusion reactions

Question 5

Reducing patient misidentification could be approached using

Answer 5

nontechnical methods

technical solutions

Question 6

___ specimens may require a documented chain of custody

Answer 6

forensic specimens

Question 7

Southern blot or long-range PCR methods that require relatively high-quality DNA are best analyzed from

Answer 7

fresh or frozen samples

Question 8

Surgical specimens designated for molecular studies if not processed immediately should be ___

Answer 8

snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen

Question 9

PCR and reverse transcription PCR amplification are routinely performed on

Answer 9

paraffin -embedded tissue samples

Question 10

____ tissues generally yield lower-quality DNA and RNA

Answer 10

Fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues

Question 11

This type of fixative induces DNA-protein and RNA-protein cross-links

Answer 11

Fromalin

Question 12

Fixation in un-buffered formalin results in

Answer 12

significant decrease in the quantity of extracted DNA

Question 13

Fixation in buffered formalin results in

Answer 13

less effective DNA detection

Question 14

This type of fixative is an excellent fixative for preserving both high molecular weight DNA and RNA with little chemical nucleic acid changes

Answer 14

Ethanol and methanol

Question 15

This type of fixative is one of the best fixatives for optimum maintenance of nucleic acids, especially high-molecular-weight RNA

Answer 15

Carnoy’s solution

Question 16

Composition of Carnoy’s solution

Answer 16

60% ethanol
30% chloroform
10% glacial acetic acid

Question 17

This type of fixative is appropriate for preserving tissue RNA regarding both efficiency of extraction and integrity of extracted total RNA

Answer 17

Methacarn solution

Question 18

Composition of Methacarn solution

Answer 18

60% methanol
30% chloroform
10% glacial acetic acid

Question 19

Severe DNA degradation is observed in these fixatives which contain heavy metals

Answer 19

Bouin’s, B5, and Zenker’s solution

Question 20

It is not recommended to use ___ based fixative for nucleic acid isolation

Answer 20

mercury

Question 21

This is a widely used fixative in electron microscopy

Answer 21

Glutaraldehyde

Question 22

It has been shown that high molecular weight (>50 kb) DNA is preserved better in tissues fixed in ___ in comparison with 10% buffered formalin

Answer 22

0.2M phosphate-buffered 1% glutaraldehyde solution

Question 23

What specimen and collection tube are preferred for molecular analysis ?

Answer 23

blood or bone marrow specimen

EDTA lavender-cap or ACD yellow cap

Question 24

What evacuated tube is used for cytogenetic tests ?

Answer 24

Heparin (green cap)

Question 25

___ evacuated tube has been shown to inhibit enzymes used in molecular analysis, such as reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerases in vitro

Answer 25

Heparin

Question 26

Evacuated tube colour: Sodium citrate (tube w polyester gel and density gradient liquid)

Answer 26

Light blue/ black top (cell prep tube)

Question 27

Evacuated tube colour: Sodium heparin (tube w polyester gel and density gradient liquid)

Answer 27

Red/ Green top (cell prep tube)

Question 28

Evacuated tube colour: Sodium heparin (freeze dried)

Answer 28

Green

Question 29

Evacuated tube colour: Sodium heparin

Answer 29

Brown

Question 30

Evacuated tube colour: Tripotassium EDTA (7.5%-15% solution)

Answer 30

Lavender

Question 31

Evacuated tube colour: Acid citrate dextrose (ACD) solution

Answer 31

Yellow

Question 32

What nucleic acid test is used for light blue/ black top ?

Answer 32

molecular diagnostic testing

**mononuclear cells and platelets are separated from the granulocytes by the polyester gel and density gradient liquid

Question 33

What nucleic acid test is used for red/green top ?

Answer 33

molecular diagnostic testing

Question 34

What nucleic acid test is used for red ?

Answer 34

Chemistry
Serum
Viral antibody studies

Question 35

What nucleic acid test is used for green ?

Answer 35

Immunology

virology studies

Question 36

What nucleic acid test is used for brown ?

Answer 36

cytogenetic studies

molecular studies

Question 37

What nucleic acid test is used for lavender ?

Answer 37

virology

molecular biology studies

Question 38

What nucleic acid test is used for yellow ?

Answer 38

molecular biology studies
cellular studies
human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping
Paternity testing

Question 39

If a specimen shows evidence of tampering or is hemolyzed, degraded, clotted, or otherwise compromised what must be done next

Answer 39

technologist must notify the supervisor

Question 40

__ have been designed to sequester anticoagulants or hemoglobin for more rapid nucleic acid isolation without the inhibitory effects of these substances

Answer 40

buffers and resins

Question 41

what does the swab come in contact with for oropharyngeal swab tests ?

Answer 41

posterior pharyngeal wall and tonsillar fossa

Question 42

How to reduce risk of contaminating samples with body flora ?

Answer 42

ensure arms wrist is covered by a cuffed lab coat or disposable arm cuffs

Question 43

On a working table clean items and bins are stored on which side ?

Answer 43

clean left

bins right