M2 - Chapter 4 Flashcards
All acids contain what in their formula
Hydrogen
When dissolved in what, what do acids do
Dissociate = release hydrogen ions as protons
What is an alkali
A soluble base
What is a strong acid
fully dissociate in solution
H+ releases
What is strong bases
fully dissociate in solution
OH- released
What are weak acids
only partially dissociate in solution, only a small percentage of the products will be ions
What occurs at equilibrium
the products are formed at the same rate as the reactants are used
• This means that at equilibrium, both reactants and products are present in the solution
What does the equilibrium sign indicate
That the forward reaction is incomplete
Acids + bases table
Neutralisation reaction
Neutralisation ionic equation
What do spectator ions form in a neutralisation reaction
The salt
Is sulphuric acid a strong acid
Yes…kinda
How is sulfuric acid kinda a strong acid
In sulphuric acid what behaves as a weak acid and what behaves as a strong acid
Sulphuric acid = strong
HS04- ions = weak acid
What is a standard solution
a solution of a known concentration
How to make a standard solution
Define concentration
• The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent to make 1 dm3 of solution
How to carry out a titration
What is concordant
within 0.1 of each other
Percentage uncertainty formula
Percentage uncertainty - burette
Double the uncertainty = measured twice
Redox rules
• In simple ions, the oxidation number is the same as the charge on the ion
• For atoms in elements the oxidation number is 0
• In compounds, the total of all the oxidation numbers is 0
• In polyatomic ions, the total of all the oxidation numbers is equal to the charge on the ion
• In either a compound or an ion, the more electronegative element is given the oxidation state
The oxidation state of H in metal hydrides is always…
-1
The oxidation state of O in peroxides is always…
-1
(H2O2)
The oxidation state of O bonded to F is always…
+2
When working out oxidation states always take into account
SUBSCRIPTS
Summary redox rules
