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Biology > M2 - Biological Molecules > Flashcards

M2 - Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a water molecule contain?

A

2 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atoms

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2
Q

What bond has water got?

A

Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond

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3
Q

What do covalent bonds do?

A

Join monomers together

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4
Q

What do hydrogen bonds do?

A

Join polar molecules - stabilising larger structures

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5
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A
  • combination of molecules
  • removal of water
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6
Q

What is hydrolysis reaction?

A
  • splitting of molecules
  • addition of water
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7
Q

What type of sugar is ribose?

A

Pentose sugar

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8
Q

Examples of disaccharides?

A
  • Maltose
  • Lactose
  • Sucrose
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9
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

when 2 monosaccharides react in a condensation reaction - forming glycosidic bond

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10
Q

What does the Benedict’s test, test for?

A

Presence of reducing and non-reducing sugars

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11
Q

Properties of starch

A
  • Insoluble
  • Compact
  • Branching
  • Large molecules
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12
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

Alpha glucose:
- Amylose
- Amylopectin

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13
Q

What is glycogen made up of?

A

Alpha glucose

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14
Q

Glycogen properties

A
  • 1-4/1-6 bonds
  • insoluble
  • Branched
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15
Q

What is cellulose made up of?

A

long chains of beta glucose
joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds

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16
Q

Properties of cellulose

A
  • Unbranched
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Insoluble
17
Q

How do you test for starch?

A
  • Iodine
  • From yellow/brown to blue-black if starch is present
18
Q

What is a tryclyceride made of?

A

1 glycerol
3 Fatty acids

19
Q

What is a phospholipid made of?

A

1 phosphate
1 glycerol
2 fatty acids

20
Q

How can you tell if a fatty acid is saturated?

A

R group

21
Q

How can you tell if a fatty acid is unsaturated?

A

Double and single bonds
Causes a kink in the molecule

22
Q

What are ester bonds?

A

Covalent bonds formed in condensation reaction
Broken in hydrolysis
Form between fatty acids and glycerol

23
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

sequence of amino acids
determined by DNA
peptide bonds

24
Q

What is the secondary structure of protein?

A

Hydrogen bonds form
Alpha helix or a Beta pleated sheet
Initial folding

25
Q

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

A

Protein folding
Involves R groups
Weak hydrogen bonds/Strong disulphide bonds

26
Q

What is the quaternary structure of protein?

A

2 or more individual protein
Multiple polypeptide
Subunits can be identical or different
(Haemoglobin)

Biology (12 decks)

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