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LIVING IN AN IT ERA > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

1
Q

advanced electronic device that takes raw data as an input from the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions (called program), produces a result (output), and saves it for future use

A

COMPUTER

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2
Q

used increasingly from the 1920s, refers to any machine that does the work of a human computer

A

COMPUTING MACHINE

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3
Q

when was computing machine increasingly used?

A

1920s

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4
Q

FUNCTIONALITIES OF A COMPUTER

A
  • Takes data as input
  • Stores the data/instructions in its memory and use them when required
  • Processes the data and converts it into useful information
  • Generates the output
  • Controls all the above four steps
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5
Q

It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.

A

COMPUTER

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6
Q

It can execute a pre-recorded list of instructions.

A

COMPUTER

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7
Q

It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts of data.

A

COMPUTER

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8
Q

The first use of the word “computer” was recorded in

A

1613

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9
Q

ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

A

TALLY STICKS

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10
Q

mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

A

ABACUS

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11
Q

is in the form we are most familiar with was first used in China in around 500 B.C.

A

ABACUS

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12
Q

used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

A

ABACUS

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13
Q

Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.

A

NAPIER’S BONES

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14
Q

Used primarily for – multiplication – division – roots – logarithms – Trigonometry. Not normally used for addition or subtraction

A

SLIDE RULE

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15
Q

It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.

A

PASCALINE

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16
Q

The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically.

A

STEPPED RECKONER

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17
Q

mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.

A

JACQUARD LOOM

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18
Q

It is an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.

A

JACQUARD LOOM

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19
Q

A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820,

A

ARITHMOMETER

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20
Q

The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.

A

ARITHMOMETER

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21
Q

The machine could perform the four basic mathematical functions.

A

ARITHMOMETER

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22
Q

The first mass-produced calculating machine.

A

ARITHMOMETER

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23
Q

WHO INVENTED AITHMOMETER

A

Thomas de Colmar in 1820,

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24
Q

It is an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.

A

DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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25
Q

Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834

A

DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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26
Q

It is the first mechanical computer.

A

DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTICAL ENGINE

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27
Q

FIRST COMPUTER PROGRAMMER

A

Augusta Ada Byron

28
Q

Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.

A

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION ENGINE

29
Q

The first printing calculator.

A

SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION ENGINE

30
Q

To assist in summarizing information and accounting.

A

TABULATING MACHINE

31
Q

Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).

A

HARVARD MARK 1

32
Q

The first electro-mechanical computer

A

HARVARD MARK 1

33
Q

The first programmable computer.

A

Z1

34
Q

required the user to insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and all output is generated through punch tape.

A

Z1

35
Q

It was the first electronic digital computing device.

A

ATANASOFF-BERRY COMPUTER (ABC)

36
Q

ENIAC stands for

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.

37
Q

It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.

A

ENIAC

38
Q

UNIVAC STANDS FOR

A

UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1)

39
Q

the first commercial computer.

A

UNIVAC

40
Q

THE FIRST PORTABLE COMPUTER

A

OSBORNE

41
Q

The first computer company

A

ELECTRONIC CONTROLS COMPANY

42
Q

BASIC COMPUTING PERIODS: AGES

A
  • PREMECHANICAL
  • MECHANICAL
  • ELECTROMECHANICAL
  • ELECTRONIC
43
Q

The earliest age of information technology

A

PREMECHANICAL

44
Q

When humans first started communicating they would try to use language or simple picture drawings known as

A

PETROGLYPHS

45
Q

PETROGLYPHS ARE CARVED IN

A

ROCKS

46
Q

Early alphabets were developed such as the Phoenician alphabet.

A

PREMECHANICAL AGE

47
Q

first start to see connections between our current technology and its ancestors.

A

MECHANICAL

48
Q

3000B.C. and 1450A.D

A

PREMECHANICAL AGE

49
Q

1450 and 1840.

A

MECHANICAL AGE

50
Q

A lot of new technologies are developed in this era as there is a large explosion of interest in this area.

A

MECHANICAL AGE

51
Q

tabulated polynomial equations using the method of finite differences.

A

DIFFERENCE ENGINE

52
Q

Close to some technologies that resemble our modern-day technology.

A

ELECTROMECHANICAL

53
Q

1840 and 1940.

A

ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE

54
Q

These are the beginnings of telecommunication.

A

ELECTROMECHANICAL

55
Q

The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the United States

A

MARK 1

56
Q

what we currently live in.

A

ELECTRONIC AGE

57
Q

1940 and right now.

A

ELECTRONIC AGE

58
Q

the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems.

A

ENIAC

59
Q

This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery firing tables. This machine was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up 680 square feet and weighing 30 tons - HUGE. It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its calculations.

A

ENIAC

60
Q

HOW MANY GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

A

5

61
Q

Vacuum tube based

A

1ST GEN

62
Q

TRANSISTOR BASED

A

2ND GEN

63
Q

Integrated Circuit based

A

3RD GEN

64
Q

VLSI microprocessor based

A

4TH GEN

65
Q

ULSI microprocessor based. Artificial Intelligence

A

5TH GEN

66
Q

Refers to the application of general systems theory to the evolution of computing gives the computing levels, where a computing system can be studied as a mechanical system, a software system, a human system or a social system, by engineers, computer scientists, psychologists and sociologists respectively.

A

MODERN COMPUTING

67
Q

began at the mechanical level, added an information level (software), then a human level and finally a community level; it is an example of general system evolution.

A

COMPUTING

LIVING IN AN IT ERA (3 decks)

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