m2

Question 1

is the basic unit structure of all known living organisms

Answer 1

The cell

Question 2

is the unit of function, growth, reproduction, and it contains the hereditary materials.

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

• contains all the genetic
  material of the cell: DNA
  -regulates the growth and
  division of the cell

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

a double-
membrane that surrounds the
nucleus.

Answer 4

Nuclear envelope

Question 5

a tiny nucleus; site of
ribosome synthesis and ribosomal
RNA synthesis.

Answer 5

Nucleolus

Question 6

• outer boundary of the cell that
  separates it from its external
  environment.
• involved in transport and
  communication between the
  inside and outside of the cell.

Answer 6

Cell membrane/Plasma membrane

Question 7

is semi permeable and is
composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 7

Cell membrane

Question 8

are diseases that stem from
faulty ion channels.
E.g. abnormal ion channels in
cystic fibrosis

Answer 8

Channelopathies

Question 9

enables cell to cell communication

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Question 10

helps cells attach to other certain cells

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

• composed of a gel-like substance
  (cytosol) enclosed by the cell
  membrane.
• mixture of all the materials
  required by the cell for its
  metabolic functions.
• contains all the cell organelles.

Answer 11

Cytoplasm

Question 12

• “Circulatory System of the Cell”
• network of membranous tubes and canals
  winding through the interior of the cell.
• involved in the production, processing, and
  transport of proteins synthesized by the
  ribosomes.

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

The release of a substance
from a cell
-begins when the body sends a biochemical message to a cell to begin producing a particular substance

Answer 13

Secretion

Question 14

• non-membrane-bound structures that serves as sites of protein
  synthesis.

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 15

• stack of flattened, membrane-
  bound sacs that receive proteins
  from the ER.
• processes and packages proteins in
  tiny vesicles for possible export from
  the cell.
• involved in manufacturing, storing,
  and export of certain cellular
  products.

Answer 15

Golgi apparatus

Question 16

• tiny sacs/ vesicles created by Golgi
  bodies.
• contains digestive enzymes that
  digest foreign particles and worn cell
  parts.
• bursts and releases enzyme and
  digests own cell when the cell is
  damaged

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

contain more
than 40 types of digestive
enzymes, which must be
maintained in a correct
balance.

Answer 17

Lysosomes

Question 18

Absence or malfunction of an enzyme causes a

Answer 18

lysosomal storage disease

Question 19

• membrane- bound sacs that
  contain enzymes for oxidation
  of specific biomolecules (e.g.
  fatty acids and amino acids).

large and abundant in liver and
kidney cells, which handle
toxins.

Answer 19

Peroxisomes

Question 20

is an example of a
genetic disease caused by an absent
peroxisomal enzyme.

Answer 20

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Question 21

-spherical or rod-shaped organelles
bounded by a double-membrane: a
smooth outer membrane and a folded
inner membrane.
- site of Cellular Respiration, and thus
called as the powerhouse of the cell.
- have their own DNA, ribosomes, and can
make their own proteins.

Answer 21

Mitochondria

Question 22

• membrane-bound sac that serves as
  storage
• stores large amount of various materials,
  like organic and inorganic molecules
• transports materials into the cell via
  endocytosis, and waste materials out of
  the cell via exocytosis

Answer 22

Vacuole

Question 23

• complex network of interlinking filaments or
  tubules

Answer 23

Cytoskeleton

Question 24

contractile: made of actin -
for cell movement and cytokinesis

Answer 24

microfilaments

Question 25

rigid, hollow tubes: made of
tubulin for cell shape and formation of
centrioles and spindle fibers

Answer 25

Microtubules

Question 26

provide strength and
support

Answer 26

Intermediate Filaments

Question 27

tiny, finger-like projections of the cell
that increase the membrane’s surface area for
more efficient absorption

Answer 27

Microvilli

Question 28

numerous, short, hair-like organelles that
propel material along a cell’s surface

Answer 28

Cilia

Question 29

single, long, hair-like organelles found
in sperm cells to propel them through the
female reproductive tract toward the egg.

Answer 29

Flagella

Question 30

• a dense area of cell fluid near the
  nucleus that houses a pair of
  centrioles: microtubule organizing
  center
  Spindle fibers- network of
  microtubules that extend from the
  centrosome during cell division
• equally distribute DNA to resulting
  daughter cells.

Answer 30

Centrosome