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Final Review M2-1 + M2-2 > M2-1 > Flashcards

M2-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is MHC class II?

A

-expressed on APCs, present engulfed pathogens to Th cells (CD4+)

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2
Q

What is MHC class I?

A

Expressed on all nucleated cells (except neurons), present pathogens —> cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

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3
Q

What is MS

A

Neuroimmunological disorder of the CNS

  • RRMS
  • PPMS
  • CD4+ T cells
  • model EAE
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4
Q

What is GBS?

A
  • neuroimmunological disorder of the PNS
  • damage to myelin
  • decreased nerve conduction (Na and K)
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5
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A
  • neuroimmunological disease of the PNS
  • attack on nAchRs
  • antibody mediated
  • NMJ
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6
Q

What are types of encephalitis and their main causes

A

-herpes encephalitis: TLR3 deficiency

  • HIV encephalitis: Trojan horse hypothesis (perivascular macrophage)
  • infected CD4+ cells
  • HIV meningencephalitis
  • Rabies encephalitis
  • RV binds to nAChRs
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7
Q

What is PML

A
  • caused by JC virus
  • alters T cell functions
  • result of immunosuppressive treatment (such as HIV, or Tysabri - MS trtment)
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8
Q

Causes of bacterial meningitis

A
  • streptococcus pneumonia

- neisseria meningitis (most common)

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9
Q

If NOS is inhibited in the presence of high K+, what happens?

A

Vasoconstriction

NOS usually has a vasodilating effect in high K+ conditions

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10
Q

What NT is involved in each area?

VLPO
LH
TMN

raphé kern
LDT BV
LC
VTA

A

VLPO - GABA
LH - orexin
TMN - histamine

raphé kern - 5HT
LDT BV - ACh
LC - NE
VTA - dopamine

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11
Q

BMAL and clock are…

A

+ transcription factors linked to pet and cry (genes)

Crucial in maintaining circadian rhythms

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12
Q

What is the interaction bw neurotrophin and TyrK receptor?

A
  1. Binding
  2. Dimerization and autophosphorylation
  3. Substrate binding and substrate phosphorylation
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13
Q

What are the 2 signaling cascades that NTs activate?

A
  1. P13k/Act
    - indirectly decreases apoptosis by promoting outgrowth
  2. MAPKinase
    - delays apoptosis w signaling molecules - blocks cytochrome C
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14
Q

Kinematic info involves:

A
  • group 1a afferent
  • gamma motorneuron
  • alpha motorneuron
  • 1a inhibitory
  • muscle spindle

—> stretch reflex

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15
Q

Kinetic info involves:

A
  • group 1b afferent
  • 1b inhibitory
  • golgi tendon neutron

—> golgi tendon reflex

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16
Q

Motor and descending (efferent pathways) :

A
  • pyramidal tracts (including lateral corticospinal tract)

- extrapyrimidal tracts

17
Q

Sensory and ascending (afferent) pathways

A
  • dorsal column medial lemniscus system
  • spinocerebellar tracts
  • anterolateral system
18
Q

Indirect sympathomimetics

A

Amphetamine
Cocaine
MAO/COMT inhibitors

19
Q

Antiepileptic drugs

A

Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine

—> all treat generalized tonic clonic and partial seizures

Valoroic acid —> treats absence seizures

20
Q

Migraine - drugs to abort an attack:

A
  • aspirin like analgesics
  • opioid like analgesics
  • ergot alkaloids
  • Serotonin agonists
21
Q

Migraine - drugs for prophylaxis

A
  • beta blockers
  • calcium channel blockers
  • TCAs
22
Q

Opiod action

A

+PAG
+ NRPH
- dorsal horn
- periphery

23
Q

Antidepressant mechanisms

A
  • NE uptake blockade
  • 5HT uptake blockade
  • DA uptake blockade
  • histamine blockade
  • mAChR blockade
  • alpha 1 receptor blockade
24
Q

Hill Langmuir equation (plested)

A

y = ymax • (x^n / K + x^n)

n = the Hill slope

25
Q

Efficacy equation

A

Efficacy = Par* = E / E + 1

26
Q

The Schild Equation

A

r = 1 + ( [B] / Kb)

r = A1 / A0

27
Q

Essential postulates of the Schild method

A
  • equal response
  • equal affinity
  • exclusive binding
  • equilibrium
  • binding only
28
Q

What is IC50?

A

Half maximal inhibitory concentration
-measure of the potency of a substance in inhibiting a specific biochem fxn

-depends on the [A]

29
Q

Inhibition curves vs Schild plot analysis

A

Inhibition curves depend on
Ca = [A] / Ka

Schild analysis depends on
Cb = [B] / Kb

30
Q

what is p

A

The prob of observing the experimental data or more extreme data under the assumption that H0 is correct

Final Review M2-1 + M2-2 (2 decks)

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