M1U3: CHEMICAL SYMBOLS, NOTATIONS & NOMENCLATURE Flashcards
naming of substances is called
CHEMICAL NOMENCLATURE
Latin words for name and to call?
NOMEN and CALARE
how many known chemical substances are there?
13 MILLION
rules for chemical nomenclature are based on?
DIVISION OF SUBSTANCES INTO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
substance that cannot be broken down into new substances
ELEMENTS
how many elements are known?
118
Earth’s crust consists of only five elements. These are?
OXYGEN, SILICON, ALUMINIUM, IRON, AND CALCIUM
elements that account for over 90% of the mass of the human body
OXYGEN, CARBON, HYDROGEN
table in which the symbol for each element is enclosed in a box
PERIODIC TABLE
TRUE OR FALSE:
elements are arranged in horizontal rows so that closely related elements are grouped together
FALSE - horizontal rows - vertical columns
number of protons in an atom that determines the atom’s identity
ATOMIC NUMBER
number of protons and neutrons together
MASS NUMBER
have same elements but different neutrons, consequently in mass
ISOTOPES
TRUE OR FALSE:
atomic number (number of protons) does not change
TRUE
if electrons are removed or added to a neutral atom, a charged particle called _____ is formed.
ION
on with a positive charge
CATION
negatively charged ion
ANION
net charge on an ion is represented by a?
SUPERSCRIPT
charged particles which are combined and have a common charge
POLYATOMIC IONS
composed of a single atom
MONOATOMIC IONS
TYPES OF IONS:
Na+, K+, Cl–
MONOATOMIC IONS
TYPES OF IONS:
NH4+, NO2–, NO3–
POLYATOMIC IONS
each element is represented on the periodic table by a?
SYMBOL
positive charge is given by a Roman numeral in parenthesis following the name of the meta, this method is called the?
STOCK METHOD
method used to apply the ending –ous or –ic is?
CLASSICAL METHOD
–ous represents the?
LOWER CHARGED IONS
–ic represents the?
HIGHER CHARGED IONS
ending –ous or –ic is only applied on ions that are?
POSITIVE (cations)
ending –ide, –ate, –ite is only applied on ions that are?
NEGATIVE (anions)
polyatomic anions containing oxygen are called?
OXYANIONS
ending –ate is used for?
MOST COMMON OXYANION OF AN ELEMENT
ending –ite is used for?
OXYANION THAT HAS THE SAME CHARGE BUT LESS O ATOM
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING:
transfer of electrons; metal & non-metal
IONIC BONDING
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDING:
sharing of electrons; non-metal & non-metal
COVALENT BONDING
