M11.2 Acute LRTI Flashcards
3+1 categories of dyspnea
life threatening, acute, chronic, acute on chronic
cardiovascular causes of life threatening dyspnea
ACS, aortic dissection, decompensated heart failure, fatal dysarrythmias, myocarditis, cardiac tamponade
what URTI can cause dyspnea?
epiglottitis, FB throat, peritonsillar/retrpharyngeal abscess
haematological cause of chronic dyspnea
anaemia
endocrine cause of dyspnea
metabolic acidosis, thyroid storm, hyperthyroid
red flags in stridor
acute onset, hives, cough, drooling, AMS, stridor during feeding and feverd
describe acute bronchitis
cough with or without sputum, <3w with no radiological signs
is there fever in acute bronchitis usually?
no, to consider pneumonia or influenza if have fever
define chronic bronchitis
productive cough on most days of the month for at least 3 months of the year during 2 consecutive years
what age can you use honey for cough
1-2 years old
what immunoprophylaxis can you give for high risk children for bronchiolitis
palivizumab
indications for bronchiolitis immunoprophylaxis
prem <29w0d, CLD, haemodynamically significant heart disease. usually before 1yo
common causes of typical pneumonia
Strep pneumoniae, group A strep, H influenza, M catarrahalis, klebsiella, staph aureus
what is curb 65 score and how to interprete
confusion, urea >7, RR >30, bp <90/60, age >65
0-1 score = outpatient
2 = consider hospital or close monitoring
>= 3 hospital +/- icu
definition of severe pneumonia according to ATS
1 major + 3 or more minor
major = septic shock req pressors, or respi failure req vent
minor = RR >= 30, pf <250, multilobar infiltrate, confusion, urea >3.33, leukopaenia <=4 , thrombocytopaenia <10, hypothermia, hypotension req fluid resus
