M11.1/11.2 Flashcards
What Axis is Pitch?
Lateral
What Axis is Roll
Longitudinal
what Axis is Yaw
Vertical
What are these Moments used for (different Axis)
To move the aircraft
What controls aircraft’s axis/moments
Aircraft controls
What do pilots use to command Yaw
And how many of these are in the cockpit
Rudder pedals
2 pairs of 2 pedals (2 pedals each)
What are the primary control surfaces used for?
To move the aircraft
What is located at the outboard trailing edge of each wing and used to control the roll of the aircraft?
Ailerons
What Axis do Ailerons change?
Longitudinal (Roll of aircraft)
What direction do elevators move?
Up and down
Do Elevators move together or opposite?
Together
What happens to the camber against the horizontal stabiliser when Elevators are raised?
Negative camber created against the horizontal stabiliser
In Roll how are ailerons positioned to eachother?
Opposite
What flight unit is used to supplement an aileron?
Spoilers
What action do aircraft spoilers counteract?
Counteracts the effect of lift-induced drag
At high speed what ailerons do you not use?
Outboard ailerons
Stabilators are dual-purpose control surfaces what to actions do they combine?
Elevators and horizontal stabilisers
What aircraft are stabilators most commonly found on?
High-speed military aircraft
What does a Variable Incidence stabiliser control?
and what plane on (horizontal,vertical or longitudinal)
Long term pit controls device
Longitudinal plane
Canards is a type of aerodynamic configuration but what is missing in this configuration compared to most aircraft?
Missing horizontal stabiliser
There are 2 types of canard what are they?
Fixed canard
Movable canard
In fixed canards what are they also called?
And what does it do?
Lifting canard
Shares the weight of the aircraft with the wings in lift
What is the primary role of a canard?
To provide pitch control
What is the rudder compared to all other control surfaces?
The biggest control surface
What primary flight control is the Rudder?
Yaw Control
What primary flight control is the Elevator?
Pitch Control
What primary flight control is the Ailerons and roll spoiler?
Roll Control
What is the function of the Rudder Limiter?
Reduce the Rudder deflection at high speed
How do you prevent Adverse Yaw (3 ways)
Use aileron differential
Frazzle Aileron
Spoilers
How do you correct Adverse Roll?
Ailerons
What 2 actions does the ruddervators combine?
Rudder and elevator
What tailed aircraft use ruddervators and don’t have a vertical or horizontal stabiliser?
V-tailed
What is a vortex generators used for?
Re energise slow movement in the boundary layer (speed up the wind)
What do stall wedges do?
And where?
Encourage stall at the root of wing
What is the balance panel connected to?
Leading edge of control surface
With balance panels it devices a space of a control surface into two chambers what are these two called?
Upper chamber
Lower chamber
In-between the two chambers in balance panels what is done to make sure they are split for each other?
Static pressure is allowed in through the slots
What are the 3 speed ranges in flight?
Subsonic
Transonic
Supersonic
What speed range is Mach less than 0.8?
Subsonic
What speed range is Mach 0.8 to 1.2?
Transonic
What speed range is Mach 1.2 to 5?
Supersonic
Is speed of airflow over the wing faster or slower than cruising speed?
Faster
In Supersonic speed ranges what changes occur to pressure and density?
Pressure change
No density changes
What flight speed are the regions are equal?
Subsonic
What flight speed do the regions start at the nose of the aircraft?
Transonic
What flight speed do the regions start behind the aircraft?
Supersonic flight
If the airspeed is 0.8 locally in some parts it could be 1.0 so if airspeed is a set Mach what would it be in and where?
Wings would be higher
What is a shockwave?
Air barrier broken when aircraft fly through it at speed
What are the 2 types of shockwave?
Normal
Oblique
What is the definition of a normal shockwave?
When air barrier is formed?
What direction are Oblique shockwaves formed to the aircraft?
(Straight on, angle or flat)
At a Angle
When super sonic flow passes through the normal shockwave airflow velocity drops to what?
Drops to subsonic speed
Which shockwaves are stronger normal or oblique?
Normal are stronger
What waves are not shock waves and formed when supersonic airflow changes direction around a curve or corner?
Expansion waves
After Mach Critical where does the most drag generate?
On the wings which go over the Mach Critical compared to the cruising speed of the aircraft
What is the wave drag?
Drag due to the shock waves
What does a Converging intake do to the airflow?
Decrease velocity
Increases pressure and density
Are aircraft subjected to stress in flight ground both or neither?
Both in flight and ground
What are the Three classes of aircraft structure?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Structures
What are the Three classes of aircraft structure?
Primary
What are the 2 damage tolerance concepts?
Safe life and Fail safes
What are the 2 types of damage in relation to aircraft before they and be sent out?
Hint (ones is and ones not)
Allowable and non allowable damage
What identification number is cargo doors start with in hundreds?
800
What identification number is the tail start with in hundreds?
300
What are the Three main parts in the aircraft’s fuselage?
Which is the most important?
Longeron (this one is the most important)
Stringer
Frame
What is another name for clip?
Cleap
What is the bottom of the cabin and cargo hole called?
Cabin/cargo floor structure
What type of force can struts handle?
Compressive forces
What are structure members that can handle compression called?
Truss
What forms the aerodynamic profile on a wing?
(Two main pieces both the same but one has a extra part to the name)
Nose rips and ribs
What is a feature of the skin in monocoque construction?
And what is the advantage of it?
And what is the disadvantage of it?
Thick Skin
Skin takes the load
But its heavy
What beam goes across the fuselage where the wheel well is to streangthen the weak area in the fuselage?
Keel beam
What is splitting components so cracking can be stopped in structures so load is shared?
Fail safe concepts
What is the disavantages of putting failsafes in structures?
Heavier weight from fasteners
What is safe life?
When a component reaches a certain amount of hours needs to be changed
What may individual components be given since they can be smaller within a system?
Additional safe life
what are the 3 zones in a 3 digit code?
First digit is Major zone
Second digit is Sub zone
Third zone is Zone
What are the six stations on the aircraft?
Fuselage station
Body station
Wing station
Butoux station
Waterline station
Component station
