M11 Terms

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

The process in which one species splits to form two or more that are reproductively isolated from each other

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

Large-scale evolution that occurs at the level of species or above

Question 3

Gene Pool

Answer 3

Sum of all the genetic information carried by all individuals in a population

Question 4

Allele Frequencies

Answer 4

The rate of occurrence of an allele in a population

Question 5

Mutation

Answer 5

Ultimate source of all genetic variation and are the result of random changes in DNA sequences

Question 6

Gene Flow

Answer 6

The movement of genes from one population to another

Question 7

Genetic Drift

Answer 7

Random process that can cause the gene pool of a population to change randomly from one generation to the next over time

Question 8

Natural Selection

Answer 8

The process by which a population gains one or more alleles that enable it to survive better than other populations

Question 9

Artificial Selection

Answer 9

Process by which only individuals with certain inherited characteristics are allowed to breed

Question 10

Acoustic Communication

Answer 10

Vibration/auditory/sound
Can be stopped/changed quickly, radiates in all directions, can move through or around obstacles, can be adapted to move through specific things (soil, water, plants)

Question 11

Tactile Communication

Answer 11

Touch
Does not expose you to predators, requires you to be next to what you are communicating with, allows for more complex communication

Question 12

Traumatic Insemination

Answer 12

Males stabs abdomen of female to release sperm into the body

Question 13

Adaptive Traits

Answer 13

Genetic characteristics that enable the individuals to function well, survive and reproduce better in a competitive environment

Question 14

Geographic Isolation

Answer 14

Populations of a single species become separated from one another

Question 15

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 15

The formation of new species from geographic isolation

Question 16

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 16

Formation of new species in the absence of geographic isolation

Question 17

Sexual Selection

Answer 17

Individuals differ in inherited characteristics that affect their ability to get mates

Question 18

Sexual Dimorphism

Answer 18

Males and females are distinctly different in appearance

Question 19

Runaway Sexual Selection

Answer 19

Secondary sexual trait expressed in one sex becomes genetically correlated with a preference for the trait in the other sex; can be detrimental to individual survival

Question 20

Sexual Mimicry

Answer 20

One sex imitates the opposite sex in its behavior, appearance, or chemical signaling

Question 21

Visual Communication

Answer 21

Sight
Extremely fast, can be stopped/changed quickly, cannot move through or around obstacles, makes you susceptible to predators, simple signals

Question 22

Chemical Communication

Answer 22

Taste/Smell
Can be complex or very specific to a species, can move around many obstacles, signals can’t be stopped, can create a path to find whoever is sending the signal (good/bad characteristic)

Question 23

Courtship Behavior

Answer 23

Sexual selection leads to one or both sexes demonstrating their value as a reproductive partner; dances, interactions, behaviors