M10. Cardiovascular, immune, lymphatic system and blood Flashcards
______ system consists of the heart and a closed network of blood vessels that carry blood throughout the body
cardiovascular system
The heart lies between the lungs and _____
mediastinum
______ is the inner layer of smooth membranous tissue of the heart
endocardium
The thick middle layer of the heart wall is called the _____
myocardium
_____ is the thin outer layer of the heart wall
epicardium
The epicardium of the heart is conti. with the _____
visceral pericardium
ventricul/o-
ventricle
______ separates the right and left side of the heart
septum
valv/o
valves
vlvul/o
valves
_____ is the name for the tricuspid and bicuspid together
atrioventricular (AV) valve
_____ valve is the pulmonary and aortic valve combo
semilunar valve
___ is the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts
systole
___ is the period during which the hear relaxes between contractions
diastole
_______ is the force of the blood being ejected from the heart that causes a regular expansion and contraction of the arterial walls
pulse
_____ the force that the ciculating blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels
blood pressure
(BP)
blood pressure
_____ is the instrument used to measure blood pressure
sohygmomanometer
The largest artery in the body is ____
aorta
a small artery is called ______
arteriole
______ carry blood to the tiniest capillaries
arterioles
very small arteries
O2 poor and waste-filled blood then travels to very small veins called ___
venules
_____ is the largest vein in the body
venae cavae
another name for platelets
thrombocytes
Erythrocytes are produced in response to the kidney’s secretion of the hormone ______
erythropoietin
____ is the clear watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
serum
______ system transports proteins and excess tissue fluid that leak from the capillaries and returns them to the venous blood.
lympathic
Lymph is derived from ____ fluid
interstitual fluid
lymph capillaries merge to form larger tubes known as ____
lymph vessels
____ and ___ are paired masses of lymphatic tissue located in the throat
adenoids and tonsils
First line of protection against pathogens in the body
the adenoids an tonsils
Spleens location?
upper left portion of the abdominal cavity
_____ is the largest lymph organ in the blood and is a resevoir for blood storage
spleen
_____ means that the body is resistant to specific invading pathogens
immunity
the branch of medicine that is dealing with immune system
immunology
immun/o-
protection, immune
______ a large pathogen consuming cell
macrophage
_____ is present at birth, and its development doesn’t require preveious exposure to a pathogenic substance
nature immunity
_______ are lymphocytes tht attack tumor cells and virally infected cells
cytokine
cytokine are known as _____
natural killer (NK) cells
(NK)
natural killer cells
___ are mononuclear leukocytes. Largest of leukocytes
monocytes
_____ immunity can be acquired when the presence of a disease generates the production of antibodies
active immunity
_____ is a modified toxin, or poison, capable of inducing antibody production
vaccination
_____ immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are received - not produced internally
passive immunity
_____ refers to targeted immune response against particular microorganisms
specific immunity
______ cells are lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells to secrete antibodies
b cells
____ cells are lymphocytes formed in the thymus gland that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chem
T cells
____ are substances capable of inducing an immune response. B cells recognize them
antigens
__ react with the antigens, transforming them into harmless substances or rendering them disposable
immunoglobulin
___ are cytokines that are released by T cells at the site of infection to aid other cells with antigen distruction
inferferon
two types of T cells- ____ & ___ - serve a regulatory fxn for specific immune mechanisms
helper T cells and suppressor T cells
slow Heart rate of less than 60 beats per min
bradycardia
brady-
slow
cardi/o
heart
-ia
condition
condition in which the heart beats faster than 100 beats per minute
tachycardia
tachy-
fast
(ECG)
electrocardiogram
disturbance or abnormality in the rhythm of the heart
arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
dyshythmia that is marked disturbance of the hearts rhythm
fibrillation
the sudden cessation of the heart’s activity
cardiac arrest
disease occurs in the endocardium when microorganisms infect the endocardial surface
bacterial endocarditis
peri-
surround
inflammation of the heart and large blood vessels
angiocarditis
angi/o
blood vessels
poly-
many
(2) inflammation of the vein
thrombophebitis and phlebitis
phleb/o
vein
blood clot
thrombus
damage to the heart muscle and heart valves caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart diease