M10

Question 1

How is DNA replication specificity dictated?

Answer 1

Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding must occur, Enzyme interactions with the DNA act as a “ruler” to determine whether the properly spaced base pair has been formed.

Question 2

____________ is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing a new DNA strand.

Answer 2

DNA polymerase

Question 3

In DNA replication, the newly synthesized daughter DNA strand is polymerized in the __________ direction, reading a template strand in the ____________ direction.

Answer 3

5´ to 3´ & 3´ to 5´

Question 4

What is the function of the enzyme telomerase?

Answer 4

Telomerase replicates telomere sequences at the end of chromosomes preventing telomere shortening.

Question 5

What enzymatic function of DNA polymerase is responsible for increasing the accuracy of DNA synthesis approximately 1,000-fold?

Answer 5

3´ to 5´ exonuclease function

Question 6

In prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, DNA replication is initiated at:

Answer 6

Origin sequences

Question 7

DNA strand breaks caused by ionizing radiation are typically a result of:

Answer 7

oxidative damage by ROS formed by ionizing radiation interacting with water molecules.

Question 8

What is one genetic disease directly caused by defects in DNA nucleotide excision repair?

Answer 8

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Question 9

One of the most common forms of DNA damage is thymine dimers caused by exposure to

Answer 9

Ultraviolet light

Question 10

What are the two major DNA repair pathways responsible for fixing DNA strand breaks?

Answer 10

Homologous recombination, Non-homologous end joining