M1: Research Variables Flashcards
any characteristic, number, or quantity that can be measured or counted in experimental investigations.
Variables
Variables can be _______ variable or _______ variable.
dependent ; independent
______ VARIABLE is manipulated to observe its effect,
INDEPENDENT
______ VARIABLE is the measured outcome.
DEPENDENT
provide the foundation for examining relationships, drawing conclusions, and making predictions in research studies.
Variables
the variable the experimenter manipulates or changes and is assumed to directly affect the dependent variable.
independent variable
It’s considered the cause or factor that drives change, allowing psychologists to observe how it influences behavior, emotions, or other dependent variables in an experimental setting.
independent variable
For example, allocating participants to drug or placebo conditions (_____ variable) to measure any changes in the intensity of their anxiety (_____ variable).
independent ; dependent
In a ________experimental study, the independent variable is the only important difference between the experimental (e.g., treatment) and control (e.g., placebo) groups.
well-designed
By changing the independent variable and holding other factors constant, psychologists aim to determine if it causes a change in another variable, called the ________.
dependent variable
For example, in a study investigating the effects of sleep on memory, the amount of sleep (e.g., 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours) would be the ______ variable, as the researcher might manipulate or categorize it to see its impact on memory recall, which would be the _______ variable.
independent ; dependent
In psychology, the ________ variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment.
dependent
represents the outcome or results and can change based on the manipulations of the independent variable.
dependent variable
it’s the presumed effect in a cause-and-effect relationship being studied.
dependent variable
TRUE or FALSE
An example of a dependent variable is depression symptoms, which depend on the independent variable (type of therapy).
TRUE