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Cardio drug list > M1 physio drug list (Cardio-Pulm-Renal-Endocrine-Reproductive) > Flashcards

M1 physio drug list (Cardio-Pulm-Renal-Endocrine-Reproductive) Flashcards

1
Q

Enalapril

A

Vasodilator

ACE inhibitor (the "prils")
Mechanism: impede the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and
stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • congestive heart failure
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2
Q

Lisinopril

A

Vasodilator

ACE inhibitor (the "prils")
Mechanism: impede the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and
stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • congestive heart failure
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3
Q

Captopril

A

Vasodilator

ACE inhibitor (the "prils")
Mechanism: impede the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and
stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • congestive heart failure
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4
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

Vasodilators
- the “prils”
- Mechanism: impede the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor and
stimulates the secretion of aldosterone.

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • congestive heart failure
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5
Q

Losartan

A

Vasodilator

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs): the “-sartans”
Mechanism: same rationale as for ACE inhibitors, except these compounds selectively block the
type AT1 angiotensin II receptor.

Used to treat: high blood pressure (hypertension)

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6
Q

Irbesartan

A

Vasodilator

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs): the “-sartans”
Mechanism: same rationale as for ACE inhibitors, except these compounds selectively block the
type AT1 angiotensin II receptor.

Used to treat: high blood pressure (hypertension)

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7
Q

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

A

Vasodilators
- the “sartans”
- Mechanism: same rationale as for ACE inhibitors, except these compounds selectively block the
type AT1 angiotensin II receptor.

Used to treat: high blood pressure (hypertension)

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8
Q

Atropine

A

Anti-parasympathetic

Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist
Mechanism: blocks the cholinergic-muscarinic effects of ACh

Used to treat: very slow heart rate

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9
Q

Metoprolol

A

Anti-SNS

Beta-blockers: the “-olols”
Mechanism: impede the beta1-mediated SNS effects; beta blockers have varying degrees of specificity
for b1 over b2. In medical practice, the term “beta blocker” implies blockade of type b1 receptors.

b1 receptors –> associated with SA node, atria, myocardium

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • chest pain (angina)
  • heart attach (myocardial infarction)
  • congestive heart failure
  • arrhythmias
  • atrial fibrillation
  • myocarditis (inflammation of middle layer of heart wall)
  • atrial flutter
  • supraventricular tachycardia
  • mitral valve prolapse
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10
Q

Atenolol

A

Anti-SNS

Beta-blockers: the “-olols”
Mechanism: impede the beta1-mediated SNS effects; beta blockers have varying degrees of specificity
for b1 over b2. In medical practice, the term “beta blocker” implies blockade of type b1 receptors.

b1 receptors –> associated with SA node, atria, myocardium

Used to treat:

  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • arrhythmias
  • atrial fibrillation
  • atrial flutter
  • hyperthyroidism
  • supraventricular tachycardia
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11
Q

Beta-blockers

A
  • the “-olols”
  • Mechanism: impede the beta1-mediated SNS effects; beta blockers have varying degrees of specificity
    for b1 over b2. In medical practice, the term “beta blocker” implies blockade of type b1 receptors.

b1 receptors –> associated with SA node, atria, myocardium

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12
Q

Amlodipine

A

Type L Ca2+ channel antagonist (Block VSM contraction)
- relaxes (widens) blood vessels and improves blood flow.

Mechanism: preferentially blocks type L Ca2+ channels expressed within vascular smooth
muscle; these channels mediate vascular smooth muscle contraction.

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13
Q

Epinephrine

A

Positive inotrope

Mechanism: enhance cardiac contractility (all three) and/or rate (epi and norepi).

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14
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Positive inotrope

Mechanism: enhance cardiac contractility (all three) and/or rate (epi and norepi).

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15
Q

Digoxin (cardiac glycosides)

A

Positive inotrope

  • helps make the heart beat stronger and with a more regular rhythm
  • lowers hear rate (vagal mimetic)

Mechanism: enhance cardiac contractility (all three) and/or rate (epi and norepi).

Used to treat:

  • heart failure
  • atrial fibrillation
  • atrial flutter
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16
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop diuretic (short acting diuretic)

Mechanism: impairs Na+, K+ and Cl- reabsorption by the kidneys. This holds H2O in forming urine and thus induces diuresis.

(unlike thiazide diuretic, enhances urinary calcium loss)

Used to treat:

  • fluid retention (edema)
  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
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17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

Thiazide diuretic (longer-lasting diuretic)

Mechanism: impairs Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys; other blood pressure lowering effects with poorly understood mechanism of action.

(unlike loop diuretic, enhances calcium retention)

Used to treat:

  • fluid retention (edema)
  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
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18
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium channel blockers (in heart)

  • moderate negative inotropic effect (unlike mild effect of diltiazem)
  • more effective than digoxin in controlling ventricular rate

Mechanism: block CARDIAC type L Ca2+ channels–delays AV nodal conduction, negative inotropy; little effect on non-cardiac type L channels.

(different from Amlodipine for VSM calcium channel blockers)

Used to treat:

  • hypertension
  • angina pectoris
  • cardiac arrhythmias
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19
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blockers (in heart)
- mild negative inotropic effect (unlike moderate effect of verapamil)

Mechanism: block cardiac type L Ca2+ channels–delays AV nodal conduction, negative inotropy; little effect on non-cardiac type L channels.

(different from Amlodipine VSM calcium channel blockers)

Used to treat:

  • hypertension
  • angina pectoris
  • some types of arrhythmias
20
Q

Albuterol

A

Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist
Mechanism: short-acting and long-acting beta-2 agonists, respectively. Promote bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation.

Used to treat:

  • high blood K levels
  • asthma
21
Q

Salmeterol

A

Beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist

Mechanism: short-acting and long-acting beta-2 agonists, respectively. Promote bronchiolar smooth muscle relaxation.

22
Q

Fluticasone

A

Mechanism: inhaled glucocorticoid receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory.

23
Q

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

A

Induces natriuresis (discharge of sodium through urine)

  • Secreted by ventricles following excessive stretching of cardiac myocytes
  • release of BNP is modulated by calcium ions
  • normal level of BNP → rule OUT heart failure
  • increased levels don’t rule in heart failure
  • increased BNP levels in patients with left ventricular dysfunction
24
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

A

Induces natriuresis (discharge of sodium through urine)

  • exact opposite effect as aldosterone
  • released in response to high blood volume (water follows Na) → decrease water, sodium and adipose loads on circulatory system → decreased blood pressure
25
Q

Vasodilators (metabolic factors)

A

Carbon dioxide
Adenosine
Lactic acid
decrease in pH

26
Q

Histamine

A

Vasodilator

released by mast cells and basophils

27
Q

Bradykinin

A

Vasodilator

  • plays a role in regulating blood flow and capillary leakage in inflamed tissue
  • decreases BP
28
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator

used to treat heart conditions (such as angina pectoris and chronic heart failure)

29
Q

Ranolazine

A

Used to treat angina

Ranolazine inhibits the late inward sodium current in heart muscle. Inhibiting that current leads to reductions in elevated intracellular calcium levels. This in turn leads to reduced tension in the heart wall, leading to reduced oxygen requirements for the muscle.

30
Q

Aliskiren

A

Direct renin inhibitors

Used to treat: hypertension (high BP)

  • slowly getting replaced now with HCTZ and ACE
31
Q

Amiloride

A
  • competitive inhibitor of ENaC

- decreases driving force for K+ secretion

32
Q

Biguanides (metformin)

A
  • inhibits liver gluconeogenesis

- enhances insulin receptor signaling

33
Q

Eplerenone

A

mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

34
Q

Spironolactone

A

mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist

35
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

targets pancreatic beta cells – insulin secretagogue

36
Q

Thiazolidenediones (pioglitazone)

A

insulin sensitizing agent – enhance the action of insulin in target cells

37
Q

Tolvaptan

A

V2 receptor antagonist

38
Q

Clomiphene

A
  • selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)

- antagonizes hypothalamic-pituitary estrogen receptor-alpha

39
Q

Luprolide

A

GnRH agonist

40
Q

Dexamethasone

A

glucocorticoid agonist

41
Q

Prednisone

A

glucocorticoid agonist

42
Q

Fludrocortisone

A

mineralocorticoid agonist

43
Q

Bromocryptine

A
  • dopamine receptor agonist - block prolactin secretion

- antagonizes GH secretion

44
Q

Cabergoline

A

dopamine receptor agonists - block prolactin secretion

45
Q

Octreotide

A

somatostatin analogue - impairs GH secretion

Cardio drug list (1 decks)

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