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BUILDING TECHNOLOGY REVIEWER > (M1) MASTERFORMAT - MASONRY > Flashcards

(M1) MASTERFORMAT - MASONRY Flashcards

1
Q

created by CSI to standardize information about construction requirements, products, and activities

A

MASTER LIST

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2
Q

To facilitate communication among architects, contractors, specifiers, and suppliers

A

MASTER LIST

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3
Q

MEANING OF CSI

A

CONSTRUCTIONS SPECIFICATIONS INSTITUTE

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4
Q

following time relationship or chronological order related to order of performance.

A

APRIL 1963

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5
Q

publication of the first CSI Format for Construction Specifications

A

APRIL 1963

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6
Q

update on the title, CSI Format – Master list of Specifications Sections Titles

A

1972

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7
Q

1220 listings (Sections) and introduced a 5-digit numbering scheme

A

1972

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8
Q

1290 listings (Sections)

A

1975

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9
Q

published major revision titled MasterFormat™ - Master List of Numbers and Title

A

1978

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10
Q

2120 Sections

A

1978

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11
Q

introduced “Division 0” – sparked controversy due to its content

A

1978

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12
Q

introduced the name MasterFormat™ to replace CSI Format

A

1978

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13
Q

MasterFormat™ was revised and published with Division 0 numbers titled “Document Number”

A

1983

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14
Q

In 1983, MasterFormat™ was revised and published with Division 0 numbers titled

A

Document Number

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15
Q

another revision this time introducing degrees of details in Specifications

A

1988

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16
Q

5-year cycle of revisions to MasterFormat. This version was delayed due to objections.

A

1993

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17
Q

edition of MasterFormat™ - Master List of Numbers and Titles for the Construction Industry was published jointly by CSI and CSC

A

1995

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18
Q

MEANING OF CSC

A

Construction Specifications Canada

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19
Q

This is to accommodate changes in construction technology. Now officially called,

A

MasterFormat 2004

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20
Q

Full title of Master Format 2004

A

MasterFormat 2004 Edition- Master List of Numbers and Titles for Construction Industry

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21
Q

From 16 divisions to __ divisions; 5 digit to _ digit numbering

A

50;6

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22
Q

Group 1

A

Procurement and Contraction Requirements Group (Division 00)

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23
Q

Group 2: General Specifications

A

Division 01

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24
Q

Group 2: Facility Construction

A

Div 02-19

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25
Q

Group 2: Facility Services

A

Division 20-29

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26
Q

Group 2: Site and Infrastructure

A

Division 30-39

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27
Q

Group 2: Process Equipment

A

Division 40-49

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28
Q

Under MasterFormat 2004 how many level of details is published?

A

4

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29
Q

“Work results” mean

A

Result work defined in the General Conditions of Contract

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30
Q

a versatile construction material.

A

Concrete

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31
Q

COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE

A

Cement (Portland Cement)
Water
Aggregates (filler)
Chemical admixtures

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32
Q

Concrete comes from the Latin word ___________ meaning compact or condensed

A

Concretus

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33
Q

Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a chemical process known as

A

hydration

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34
Q

The water reacts with cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material. Also known as?

A

man made rock

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35
Q

What is CONCRETE?

A

STRONG, DURABLE, VERSATILE, & ECONOMICAL

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36
Q

The STRENGTH of concrete depends upon

A
  1. Quality of Ingredients
  2. Relative Quantities
  3. Manner in which they are mixed
  4. Transported
  5. Placed
  6. Compacted
  7. Cured
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37
Q

FULL CURING TIME OF CONCRETE

A

28 days full curing time

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38
Q

In 800 BC- 300 AD, Greeks used this to produce concrete

A

lime mortars

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39
Q

In 800 BC- 300 AD, Romans used this to build baths, harbors, The Colosseum, and The Pantheon

A

Pozzolana cement

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40
Q

In 1849, reinforced concrete was invented by

A

Joseph Monier

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41
Q

In what year was air entraining, fly ash, and ready mix was introduced?

A

1930-1936

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42
Q

In 1930-1936, construction completed on the

A

Hoover Dam

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43
Q

In 1956, _______________ in concrete was introduced

A

Fiber reinforcement

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44
Q

In 1975, this was introduced as a pozzolanic additive

A

Silica fume

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45
Q

In 1976, this opened the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world at the time.

A

Water Tower Place

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46
Q

In 2009, this building is named the World’s Tallest Building.

A

Burj Khalifa

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47
Q

How tall is Burj Khalifa?

A

2,717 ft tall

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48
Q

In 2010, Worldwide Portland Cement production reached how many metric tons?

A

3.3 Billion Metric Tons

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49
Q

They used more cement between 2011 and 2013 than the U.S. used in the entire 20th Century.

A

China

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50
Q

it is essential for quality concrete

A

good water

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51
Q

It should be good enough to drink, free of trash, excessive chemical

A

water

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52
Q

The strength and other properties of concrete are highly dependent on?

A

the amount of water and the water-cement ratio

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53
Q

Occupy 60-80% of the volume of concrete

A

aggregates

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54
Q

they are the primary aggregates used

A

Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stones

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55
Q

All aggregates must be essentially free of

A

silt and/or organic matter.

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56
Q

ingredients other than Portland cement, water, and aggregates

A

Admixtures

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57
Q

Added to the concrete mixture immediately or during mixing

A

Chemical Admixtures

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58
Q

The use of admixtures in concrete is now widespread due to many benefits

A
  • reduces the amount of water requirement
  • control the setting behavior of concrete
  • improves the workability, durability, and strength of concrete
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59
Q

types of chemical admixtures

A
  • Accelerators
  • Retarders
  • Entraining agents
  • Plasticizers
  • Superplasticizers
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60
Q

The type of admixture increases the setting property of concrete mix.

A

accelerators

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61
Q

example of accelerators

A

calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulphite, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and potassium sulphate

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62
Q

This type of admixture can low the setting property of concrete.

A

retarders

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63
Q

It is also able to slow down the chemical reaction between cement and water.

A

retarders

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64
Q

examples of retarders

A

sugar, lignin, hydroxylated carboxylic acids, phosphates, cellulose

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65
Q

disadvantages of retarders

A

increases the plastic shrinkage and help to increase cracking.

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66
Q

This type of admixture uses the air in the form of bubble and distribute throughout the cement paste.

A

air entraining agents

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67
Q

are used when resistance of concrete increases to protect the concrete against freezing.

A

air entrainers

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68
Q

amount of air entrainer is

A

1%

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69
Q

This are used for improving the plasticity of fresh concrete to reduce water content.

A

plasticizers

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70
Q

It complete different from plasticizer chemically.

A

superplasticizers

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71
Q

It also made of same elements, but it is most used in the production of high strength company.

A

superplasticizers

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72
Q

Considered hydraulic because of their ability to set and harden under or with excess water through the hydration of the cement’s chemical compounds or minerals.

A

cement

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73
Q

_________________ of calcium silicates and other calcium compounds having hydraulic properties

A

crystalline compound

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74
Q

Concrete is strong in _____________, as the aggregate efficiently carries thecompression load but weak in __________.

A

COMPRESSION; TENSION

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75
Q

solves these problems by adding either metal reinforcing bars, steel fibers, glass fiber, and plastic fiber to carry tensile loads.

A

REINFORCED CONCRETE/ Reinforcement

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76
Q

Types of Concrete

A
  • Air-Entrained Concrete
  • Decorative Concrete
  • Dry lean Concrete/ Roller Compacted Concrete
  • Cold Mix Asphalt
  • Warm Mix Asphalt
  • Hot Mix Asphalt
  • Ferro Cement Concrete
  • Fiber Reinforced Concrete
  • Fly Ash Concrete
  • Normak Strength Concrete
  • High-Density Concrete
  • High Strength Concrete
  • Plain or Ordinary Concrete
  • Pervious Concrete
  • Permeable Concrete
  • Lime Concrete
  • Shotcrete Concrete
  • Silica Fume Concrete
  • Polymer Concrete
  • Prestressed Concrete
  • Precast Concrete
  • Pre-Packed Concrete
  • Rapid Hardening Concrete
  • Ready Mix Concrete
  • Reinforced Concrete
  • Stamped Concrete
  • Self-Compacting Concrete
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77
Q

Properties of Concrete

A
  • High Compressive Strength, Lower Tensile Strength
  • Elasticity of concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops.
  • Low coefficient of thermal expansion, and as it matures concrete shrinks
  • Concrete structures will crack to some extent due to shrinkage and tension
  • Can be damaged by fire, aggregate expansion, seawater effects, bacterial corrosion, leaching, physical damage, and chemical damage (from carbonation, chlorides, sulfates)
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78
Q

Building with units of various natural or manufactured products, as stone, brick or concrete block, usually with the use of mortar (grout) as a bonding agent.

A

MASONRY

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79
Q

Production process of burnt bricks

A

(a) Soil sample
(b) Mixing of soil and water
(c) Moulding of bricks
(d) Racking green bricks
(e) Burning of bricks
(f) Stacking of burnt bricks

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80
Q

The Lime Cycle

A

carbonation —> burning —> slaking

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81
Q

is absorbed over time to form Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)

A

Water-born Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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82
Q

is mixed with selected sands to produce mortars and plasters, or with water to produce limewash

A

Slacked lime (putty)

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83
Q

Burt lime is also known as

A

quicklime or lumpline

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84
Q

slaking burn lime in either

A

(i) an excess of water to produce a putty
(ii) a shortfall of water to produce a powder (hydrate)
(ii) in damp sand to produce a hot mix

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85
Q

5th to 15th century; Stones was frequently used to build castles, bridges, cathedrals and mosques

A

The Middle Ages

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86
Q

Why did the Middle Ages use stone?

A

Support much heavier superstructures.

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87
Q

made it easy to quarry especially in transporting materials

A

technology

88
Q

More elaborate structures were made as a part of experimenting design and workability of thematerial.

A

Industrial Revolution

89
Q

are widely used in construction today

A

Metals and Concrete Blocks

90
Q

There’s a decline in usage of these materials due to other new materials emerging – faster production, versatility are just some of the factors

A

modern times

91
Q

considered as high strength masonry units

A

Steel reinforced masonry

92
Q

brick types

A
  • burnt clay brick
  • concrete brick
  • sand lime brick
  • fly ash brick
  • engineering brick
93
Q

Very common for fences

A

clay brick

94
Q

Used in general works (easy works), walls, and facades

A

clay brick

95
Q

it is the most resistant to building fires of any masonry unit

A

clay brick

96
Q

It is shaped and dimensioned to fit the human hand (less likely to crack during drying or firing than larger bricks, and easier for the mason to manipulate).

A

traditional brick

97
Q

3 Major Methods Used for Forming Bricks

A
  1. Soft Mud Process
  2. Dry-Press Process
  3. Stiff Mud Process
98
Q

relatively moist clay pressed into simple rectangular molds.

A

Soft-Mud Process

99
Q

Bricks are dried for ______________ in a low-temperature dryer Kiln.

A

one or two days

100
Q

Will be ready then for transformation into their final form by a process known as

A

Firing or burning

101
Q

bricks produced with relatively smooth, dense surface.

A

Water Struck Bricks

102
Q

the least costly and most widely used today.; Bricks produced by this process are highly uniform in dimension and shape.

A

Stiff-Mud Process

103
Q

softens edges and corners and introduces a greater individuality in appearance among units.

A

Tumbling

104
Q

stacking of bricks in a loose array.

A

Clamp

105
Q

covered with earth or clay, built a woodfire under the clamp, and maintaining the fire for a period of several days.

A

clamp

106
Q

Sorting of Bricks

A
  1. Clinker Bricks
  2. Bricks in a zone of the clamp near fire
  3. Farther from the fire
  4. Bricks from around the perimeter of the clamp
107
Q

bricks closest to the fire

A

Clinker Bricks

108
Q

overburned and distorted

A

Clinker Bricks

109
Q

unattractive; unsuitable for exposed brickwork

A

Clinker Bricks

110
Q

fully burnt but undistorted

A

Bricks in a zone of the clamp near fire

111
Q

suitable for exterior-facing bricks with a high degree of resistance to weather.

A

Bricks in a zone of the clamp near fire

112
Q

softer; set aside for use as a backup bricks

A

Farther from the fire

113
Q

not burned sufficiently, discarded

A

Bricks from around the perimeter of the clamp

114
Q

Is a fixed structure that is loaded with bricks, fired, cooled, and unloaded

A

Periodic Kiln

115
Q

For higher productivity, bricks are passed continuously through a long _____________ on special railcars to emerge at the far end fully burned.

A

Tunnel Kiln

116
Q

color of a brick depends on the

A

chemical composition of the clay or shale and the temperature and chemistry of the fire in the kiln

117
Q

Higher temperature means

A

Darker bricks produced

118
Q

The iron that is prevalent in most clays turns _____ in an oxidizing fire and _____in a reducing fire

A

red; purple

119
Q

Made from fly ash, sand, and water.

A

fly ash brick

120
Q

a waste product from coal-fired power generation

A

fly ash

121
Q

The FLY ASH acts as the ________ and the SAND as the ____________.

A

binder; aggregate

122
Q

Have equal performance and similar appearance

A

Fly Ash & Traditional Clay Bricks

123
Q

Three Types of Dimensions:

A

Specified dimension, Actual dimension, Nominal dimension

124
Q

Standard mortar joint widths vary from

A

3⁄8 to 1⁄2 inch (9.5 to 12.7 mm)

125
Q

standard mortar joint thickness

A

3/8 in (9.5mm)

126
Q

LAYING BRICKS

A

STRETCHER, SOLDIER, HEADER, ROWLOCK STRETCHER, SAILOR, & ROWLOCK

127
Q

Bricks can be assembled in a wall in several patterns, referred to as _______________ or simply as ________.

A

bond patterns; bonds

128
Q

The purpose of a bond is ___________ as well as ___________.

A

functional; aesthetic

129
Q

It is meant to stagger the units so that the load on one unit is shared by an increasing number of underlying units

A

BOND

130
Q

used for lightly loaded boundary walls, has a sequence of a header and three stretchers in each course, with each header being centered over a header in alternate courses

A

Garden-wall bond

131
Q

has alternate courses of headers and stretchers in which the headers are centered on stretchers and the joints between stretchers line up vertically in all courses.

A

English bond

132
Q

commonly used for cavity, and veneer walls, is composed of overlapping stretchers

A

Running bond

133
Q

has a course of headers between every five or six courses of stretcher.

A

Common bond

134
Q

also known as the American bond

A

Common bond

135
Q

It has successive courses of stretcher with all head joints aligned vertically. Because units do not overlap, horizontal joint reinforcement is required @ 16” (405) o.c. in unreinforced walls.

A

stack bond

136
Q

has alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being centered above and below a stretcher. Flare headers with darker ends are often exposed in patterned brickwork

A

Flemish bond

137
Q

It is a modified Flemish bond in which courses of alternate headers and stretchers alternate with stretching courses.

A

Flemish cross bond

138
Q

It is a form of Flemish cross bond in which the courses are offset to form a diamond pattern

A

Flemish diagonal bond

139
Q

a horizontal layer of bricks or other masonry units

A

course

140
Q

a vertical layer of masonry units one unit thick

A

wythe

141
Q

a brick laid with its face parallel to the wall and its long dimension horizontal

A

stretcher

142
Q

a brick laid so as to bond two wythes together

A

header

143
Q

a brick laid on its end with its face parallel to the wall

A

soldier

144
Q

a brick laid on its face with its end visible in the wall face

A

rowlock

145
Q

consists entirely of stretchers

A

running bond

146
Q

alternated courses of headers and stretchers

A

English bond

147
Q

alternates header and stretchers in each course

A

flemish bond

148
Q

the construction of a brick wall begins with the

A

laying of leads

149
Q

it establish the wall planes and course heights

A

lead

150
Q

Mortar joints vary in THK from _________ but are typically __________.

A

¼” to ½”; 3/8” THK

151
Q

are mortar joints compressed and shaped with any tool other than a trowel.

A

Tooled joints

152
Q

compresses the mortar and forces it tightly against the brick surfaces, providing maximum protection against water penetration in areas subject to high winds or heavy rains.

A

Tooling

153
Q

are finished by striking off excess mortar with a trowel.

A

Troweled joints

154
Q

the mortar is cut or struck off with the trowel. The most effective of these is the weathered joint – it sheds water

A

troweled joints

155
Q

is made by removing mortar to a given depth with a square-edged too before hardening. They are for interior use only

A

Raked joint

156
Q

is analogous to reinforced concrete construction.

A

Reinforced brick masonry (RBM)

157
Q

is built by installing steel reinforcing bars in a thickened collar joint, and then filling the joint with Portland cement grout.

A

reinforced brick loadbearing wall

158
Q

is obtained by taking rock from the earth and reducing it to the required shapes and sizes for construction

A

building stone

159
Q

Classifies stone used in building construction into 6 Groups

A

ASTM C119

160
Q

ASTM C119 – Classifies stone used in building construction into 6 Groups

A
  1. Granite
  2. Limestone
  3. Quartz-Based Stone
  4. Slate
  5. Marble
  6. Other..
161
Q

meaning of ASTM

A

American Society for Testing and Materials

162
Q

is an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services

A

ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)

163
Q

is the igneous rock most commonly used for construction (North America).

A

Granite

164
Q

is a mosaic of mineral crystals, principally feldspar and quartz (silica), and can be obtained in a range of colors that includes gray, black, pink, red, brown, buff, and green

A

Granite

165
Q

colors of granite

A

gray, black, pink, red, brown, buff, and green

166
Q

nonporous, hard, strong, and durable, and is the most nearly permanent of building stones

A

granite

167
Q

granite dimensions specifications

A

ASTM C615

168
Q

“Black Granite”

A

Basalt

169
Q

very dense, durable igneous rock; usually in a dark gray color

A

Basalt

170
Q

is one of the two principal sedimentary rock types used in construction.

A

Limestone

171
Q

composition of limestone

A

calcium carbonate (oolitic limestone)
calcium and magnesium carbonates (dolomitic limestone).
.

172
Q

colors of limestone

A

almost White to Gray and buff to Iron Oxide Red

173
Q

Porous and contains considerable groundwater (quarry sap)

A

limestone

174
Q

limestone dimensions specifications

A

ASTM C568

175
Q

Corinthian column capital was carved from a single 30-ton (27-metric-ton) block of

A

Indiana limestone

176
Q

one of the two metamorphic stone groups utilized in building construction.

A

Slate

177
Q

formed from clay

A

Slate

178
Q

Dense, hard stone with closely spaced planes of cleavage, along which it is easily split into sheets.

A

slate

179
Q

slate is useful for

A

paving stones, roof shingles, and thin wall facings

180
Q

colors of slate

A

black, gray, purple, blue, green, and red.

181
Q

Slate dimensions specifications.

A

ASTM C629

182
Q

is the second of the major metamorphic rock groups

A

Marble

183
Q

Recrystallized form of limestone; Easily carved and polished

A

Marble

184
Q

colors of marble

A

white, black, and nearly every other color, with beautiful patterns of veining

185
Q

the patterns of marble is called

A

veining

186
Q

marble dimension specifications

A

ASTM C503

187
Q

second major sedimentary rock type used in building construction

A

sandstone

188
Q

quartz-based stone

A

sandstone

189
Q

formed in ancient times from deposits of quartz sand (silicon dioxide)

A

sandstone

190
Q

silicone dioxide

A

quartz sand

191
Q

colors of sandstone

A

Vary significantly with the material that cements the sand particles – silica, carbonates of lime, iron oxide

192
Q

2 Familiar Forms of Sandstone:

A

brownstone & bluestone

193
Q

quartz-based dimensions specifications

A

ASTM C616

194
Q

also called engineeredstone countertops, are man-made products.

A

Quartz Countertop

195
Q

They are made of 93% to 95% ground-up natural quartz stone and a small number of other minerals and colorants. The rest is a durable resin that holds it all together

A

Quartz Countertop

196
Q

are 100% natural rock that is taken out of the ground, cut to fit and installed

A

Granite Countertops

197
Q

Stone is used in two fundamentally different ways in buildings

A

stone masonry & stone cladding

198
Q

It may be laid in mortar, much like bricks or concrete blocks, to make walls, arches, and vaults, a method of construction referred to as

A

stone masonry

199
Q

it may be mechanically attached to the structural frame or walls of a building as a facing, called

A

stone cladding

200
Q

meaning of CMUs

A

Concrete Masonry Units

201
Q

Products of Cement, Sand (fine course), and Water molded into shapes and sizes and works similar to other masonry units.

A

Concrete Masonry Units (CMUs)

202
Q

Concrete masonry units (CMUs) are manufactured in three (3) basic forms:

A
  1. larger hollow units that are commonly referred to as concrete blocks
  2. solid bricks
  3. less commonly, larger solid units
203
Q

The major ASTM standards under which concrete masonry units are manufactured are:

A
  • ASTM C90 for loadbearing units
  • ASTM C129 for non-loadbearing units
  • ASTM C55 for concrete bricks.
204
Q

for loadbearing units

A

ASTM C90

205
Q

for non-loadbearing units

A

ASTM C129

206
Q

for concrete bricks.

A

ASTM C55

207
Q

are interchangeable with modular clay bricks. Header units accept the tails of a course of headers from a brick facing.

A

Concrete bricks

208
Q

have space for horizontal reinforcing bars and grout and are used to tie a wall together horizontally. They are also used for reinforced block lintels.

A

Bond beam units

209
Q

A-blocks are used to build walls with vertical reinforcing bars grouted into the cores in situations where there is insufficient space to lift the blocks over the tops of the projecting bars; one such situation is a concrete masonry backup wall that is built within the frame of a building

A

A-blocks

210
Q

Concrete masonry is ____________________________ to increase its load-bearing capacity or resistance to seismic forces and cracking

A

frequently reinforced with steel

211
Q

are constructed by stacking concrete masonry units in a running bond directly upon one another without the application of mortar. Where leveling is required, metal or high-density plastic shims are used

A

Dry-stacked and surface-bonded masonry walls

212
Q

Surface-bonded masonry unit construction and materials are governed by

A

ASTM C946

213
Q

are easily and economically manufactured in an unending variety of surface patterns, textures, and colors intended for exposed use in exterior and interior walls

A

Decorative concrete masonry units/ Architectural concrete masonry units

214
Q

durable, easy-to-clean surfaces(public corridors, toilets, institutional kitchen, lockers, shower rooms, & industrial plants

A

Structural Glazed Facing Tiles of clay

215
Q

glazed or unglazed molded decorative units of fired clay

A

Structural terra cotta

216
Q

is made from sand, lime, water, and a small amount of aluminum powder. These materials are reacted with steam to produce a relatively lightweight, aerated concrete that consists primarily of calcium silicate hydrates

A

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC)

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY REVIEWER (2 decks)

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