M1 L5 Endomembrane system and Bulk transport Flashcards

Define what is meant by the endomembrane system. • Describe the function of the components of the endomembrane system . • Outline the bulk transport processes of endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptormediated endocytosis) and exocytosis (constitutive and regulated). • Outline the role of the lysosome.

1
Q

Endomembrane system

A
  • Several different organells that are membrane bound, located inside the plasma membrane.
  • nuclearenvelope
  • endoplasmic reticulumn
  • glogi apparatus
  • vescile
  • lysosomes
  • vacuoles
  • plasma membrane
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2
Q

Endoplasmic reticulumn

A
  • rough and smooth ER

- flattened sack with stacked continues with nuclear envelope.

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3
Q

rER

A
  • has ribosomes which gives rER rough surface
  • protein is synthasised here (mainly for exocytosis)
  • some Protein stay, some are excreted and some will become membrane bound membrane.

Lumen is the interiror of the rER. –> the proteins enter lumen —> they get preocessed in rER

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4
Q

Smooth ER

A
  • has no ribosome
  • metabolise carbohydrates
  • synthasis lipids for memrane
  • storage of calcium ions
    signals and for chnages in the cells
  • detoxifying of blood and hipotocyte.
  • can exists in larger quantities which depends on the needs of the cell.
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5
Q

Golgi complex structure

A
  • series of sacs wit associated vasicle.

- cis arrival and trans leaving site

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6
Q

Lysosome (only in animals)

A
  • Degrades proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid.
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7
Q

Golgi complex functions

A
  • Glycosylation
  • sorting proteins
  • directing proteins
  • other functions
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8
Q

Glycosylation at Golgi

A
  • add or modify carbohydrates on protein

- important for cell recognition proteinss

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9
Q

sorting proteins at golgi proteins

A
  • molecular proteins have markers attached to them

- directs proteins to the correct vesicle for transporatation.

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10
Q

directing vescile at Golgi

A
  • molecular tags added to vascile to direct them to target.

- markers and tags are short proteins on vesicle surface.

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11
Q

cellular structure - eukaryotes

A

cytoskeleton
cilia or flagella
centrasome

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Made up of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filament
maintains cell shape,
direct movements or organells, transmit signals
dynamic - not static

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13
Q

cilia and flagella

A

helps with motality

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14
Q

centrosme

A

important for DNA replication, mitosis and meiosis

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15
Q

Moving back to cells –> cellular functions

A
exocytosis
endocytosis
pino cytosis
receptor mediated endocytosis
endosome lysosome pathway
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16
Q

exocytosis

A

– moving out proteins such as glyco proteins out of the cell or delivers it to cell surface.

  • consitutive exocytosis
    exocytation happens continueously and relases proteins making outside of the cell
  • regulated exocyosis
    happens under control, usually needs signal to transmit to release hormones and neurotransmitters.
17
Q

Endocytosis

A
  • Pinocytosis
    non selective uptake of solute
  • receptor mediated endocytosis
    collects and concentrate specific molecules
    selective uptake by using cell surface receptors
    can also bring unwanted molecules.

endosme lysosome pathway

  • pathway directed to endosome lysosome for hydrolytic digestion
  • know as phagocytosis