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HUBS192 > M1 L1 > Flashcards

M1 L1 Flashcards

1
Q

Largest and most visible organ in the body

A

Skin

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2
Q

what % of body weight is skin?

A

16%

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3
Q

what surface area does skin occupy?

A

1.5-2 m^2

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4
Q

What evolutionary features make us unique and why?

A
  • “Bare and sweaty” skin
  • Less body hair therefore more sweat glands for more effective cooling. Since we evolved for hunting and moving.
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5
Q

skin performs (complex/simple) roles in the body?

A

complex

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6
Q

Pranksters Easily Make Ketchup Stains Last Decades

functions of skin and accessory structures

A
  • protection
  • Excretion
    -Maintanence
    -melanin
    -keratin
    -synthesis vitD
    -lipids
    -detect
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7
Q

What basic tissue types are skin made of?

A

Composite organ therefore all 4 basic tissue types.
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous

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8
Q

3 Layers of the skin

A
  • Epidermis (cutaneous)
  • Dermis (cutaneous)
  • Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
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9
Q

Epidermis

A
  • stratified barrier
  • mostly keratinocytes
  • Avascular (no blood circulation)
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10
Q

How does the epidermis get nutrients?

A

From blood vessels from the dermis layer

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11
Q

what basic tissue is the epidermis mainly made up of?

A

epithelial tissue
(stratified squamous epithelium) - acting as a barrier

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12
Q

3 different types of epithelia

A

Simple (single layer of) or Stratified (stacks of)
- squamous (flattened)
- cuboidal
- columnar

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13
Q

Come Get Some Burgers

Epidermis layer for thin skin (from external down)

A
  • stratum corneum (squamous)
  • stratum granulosum (squamous)
  • stratum spinosum (cuboidal)
  • stratum basale (columnar)
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14
Q

Come Lets Get Some Burgers

Epidermis layer for thick skin (from external down)

A
  • stratum corneum (squamous)
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum (squamous)
  • stratum spinosum (cuboidal)
  • stratum basale (columnar)

only difference is stratum lucidum is present in thick skin

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15
Q

examples and features of thick skin

A
  • e.g. palms of hands, soles of feet
  • no hair is present
  • has an additional epithelial layer (stratum lucidum)
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16
Q

spiky layer

Stratum Corneum

A
  • dead, dried out, hard cells
  • no nuclei
  • easily flakes off
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17
Q

granular layer

Stratum Granulosum

A

Has granules to promote
- dehydration of cell
- cross-linking of keratin fibres

Waxy material secreted into intercellular space

18
Q

spinous or prickly cell layer

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • Desmosomes anchor neighbouring cells WITHIN the epidermis.
  • cuboidal
19
Q

basal layer

Stratum Basale

A
  • regenerative stem cells
  • As it divides, the daughter cell replenishes the layer above.
20
Q

Basement Membrane

A
  • made of hemidesmosome
  • anchors stratum basale (of epidermis) to dermis
21
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • only in thick skin
  • dead cells
22
Q

layer(s) of epidermis that are dead in thin skin

A

Only Stratum corneum

23
Q

layer(s) of epidermis that are dead in thick skin

A

stratum corneum
stratum lucidum

24
Q

Dermis

A
  • protein fibres for strength and toughness (collagen and elastin)
  • vascular for nourishment
  • not shed
25
Q

what anchors the dermis to epidermis

A

hemidesmosomes

26
Q

layers of dermis (from external to in)

A
  • papillary
  • reticular
27
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A
  • outer layer
  • highly vascularised tissues
28
Q

Reticular layer of dermis

A
  • collagen and elastin “mesh-like” structure for strength
29
Q

Similarities of both layers of the dermis

A

blood vessels
lymphatics
sensory nerve fibres
accessory structures

30
Q

what is a plexus

A

network of blood vessels OR nerves

31
Q

2 types of plexuses of the dermis

A
  • cutaneous plexus
  • sub-papillary plexus
32
Q

Cutaneous Plexus

A
  • network of blood vessels present at the very bottom of reticular dermis layer (at junction b/w dermis and hypodermis)
  • supplies nutrients to hypodermis and the deeper dermis
33
Q

Sub-Papillary Plexus

A
  • branches from cutaneous layer (epidermis + dermis)
  • lies deep to papillary layer (of dermis)
  • provides nutrients and O2 to upper dermis and epidermis
34
Q

Hypodermis

A

-Adipose tissue
- subcutaneous layer

35
Q

functions of hypodermis

A

The subcutaneous fat…
- stores energy
- gives insulation

Site of injections (hypodermic needles)

36
Q

1st degree burns

A
  • superficial (only outer layer of epidermis)
  • red/pink (erythema), dry and painful
  • no blisters
  • skin retains function of repelling water and pathogens
  • 3-10 days healing
  • e.g. mild sunburn
37
Q

Two types of 2nd degree burns

A

normal and deeper

38
Q

normal 2nd degrees

A
  • affects epidermis + parts of dermis
  • painful, moist, red and blistered
  • heals in 1-2 weeks (with good dressing)
39
Q

deeper 2nd degrees

A
  • can include whiteish, waxy looking areas
  • hair follicles and sweat glands may stay in tact
  • heals in ~ 1 month
  • loss of sensation and scarring
40
Q

3rd degree burns

A

full thickness burns
- even extends into subcutaneous tissue (and maybe involving muscle and bone)

  • varied colour (waxy white to deep red to black)
  • Hard, dry & leathery skin
  • No pain (bc nerve endings are destroyed)
  • may require skin grafting (one piece of skin transplanted from one area to another)
  • weeks to regenerate + scarring

HUBS192 (2 decks)

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