M1: Intro to Anat and Phys Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structures in the body and its parts
Physiology
The study of the functions of an organism and its parts
Gross anatomy
the study of the macroscopic structures of an organism
microscopic anatomy
the study of structures so small you need a microscope
Histology
the study of tissues
organ
a group of tissues specialized to a particular function
Tissues
groups of cells forming various building materials of the body
Homeostasis
a state of dynamic equilibrium in the body with respect to its internal environment and functions
set point
ideal normal value of a variables around which homeostasis is maintained through a normal range of values that are acceptable to the body
Stress
a factor that causes one or more physiological variables to move away from its homeostatic set point
control center
the part of the body, either central nervous system or endocrine gland, that receives information about a variable, determines the set point signal a response to a correct imbalance
effector
a structure in the body that can change the value of a variable in response to a signal from the control center
receptor
a structure in the body that monitors the values of your body’s variables
Negative Feedback System
a control mechanism consisting of receptors, control center, and effectors through which homeostasis in the body is maintained by regulation of the body/s organ systems. It is called negative feedback because the control system opposes of reverses the original stress
selective permiability
the ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others
endocytosis
the process by which large molecules are taken into the cell
exocytosis
transportation of materials from inside the cell to outside the cell using vesicles (called secretion)
organ systems
skeletal, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, muscular, integumentary, lymphatic, urinary, endocrine, and reproductive
7 levels of organization
molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organism
types of tissues
nervous, muscular, connective, and epithelial
nervous tissue
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
muscular tissue
enable skeletal movement, heartbeat, and other internal organs to push food or fluid
connective tissue
bone, cartilage, deeper layer of skin, and bindings around and between organs (body fat and blood)
epithelial tissue
surface of your skin, inner lining of respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tract, and glands (thyroid, liver, etc.)
nucleus
contains DNA and id the cell’s control center
plasma membrane
holds the cell together and controls entry and exit of substances
ribosoms
synthesize proteins
rough endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis and intracellular transport of proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
synthesis and intracellular transport of carbohydrates and lipids
Golgi apparatus
packages molecules for secretion
secretory vesicle
secretion
lysosome
breaks down proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids
mitochondria
produce energy for the cell
cilia
movement of molecules over the cell’s surface
centrioles
spindle formation for mitosis and meiosis
mitosis phases
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (please make Anna tea)
