M1: History of Operating Systems and Setting up a local VM Flashcards
Multiprogramming
Run multiple applications at the same time, protecting
them from one another and sharing the CPU between them.
Hierarchical file system
Store data on disk persistently organized in a tree
structure
Plug-and-play devices
Software that allows external devices (e.g. printers
and scanners) to interact with applications.
Virtual memory
Store multiple applications in memory at the same time.
A computer can address more memory than the amount physically installed on the system. This extra memory is called virtual memory
Storage allocation scheme in which secondary memory can be addressed as though it were part of main memory
Allows one to load in large programs that may not fit all in physical memory
Graphical User Interface
Allows users to develop, run, and interact with
new applications. Good user interface allows operating systems to evolve
from office machines into machines usable by home users.
ENIAC
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) was the first general-purpose electronic computer. ENIAC was developed at the University of Pennsylvania.
Punch cards
Pieces of stiff papers with holes in them, where the presence and absence of holes is used to encode digital information about data or programs
Resident Monitor
A piece of software that is a precursor (Vorlaeufer) to modern operating systems. This software runs in memory and in the punch card era, and was used to process one punch card at a time.
Pre-loaded on all computers that read punch cards. Reads punch cards one at a time and executes them in batch mode
Operating System (OS)
A piece of software that is layered between
applications and hardware, allowing multiple applications to share the same physical machine resources and gain access to external devices.
Time-Sharing
The ability to share one physical compute resource among multiple applications.
