Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SURGERY > M1: Fluids & Electrolytes > Flashcards

M1: Fluids & Electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

TBW: 60%

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Four compartments of Human body

A

Water, Protein, Fat & Bone ash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Example of transcellular

A

CSF, Synovial & Ocular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Total Body Water: of TBW

A

50-70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Total Body Water: young adult male

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total Body Water: young adult female

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Total Body Water: decrease with

A

Aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Total Body Water: increase with

A

Newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Total Body Water: three functional compartments

A

Plasma, Interstitial fluid & Intracellular volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ECF is composed

A

Plasma & Interstitial Fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Major cation in the ECF

A

Na

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Major cation in the ICF

A

K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Major anion in the ECF

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Major anion in the ICF

A

Phosphate & Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plasma volume 5%, interstitial 15%.

A

ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Total number of osmotically active particles

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Serum Osmolality by giving value of

A

Na, Glucose & Ures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal exchange of F&E

A

Water exchange & Salt gain and losses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal individual water consumed

A

2-2.5 L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

H20 Losses: stool

A

250cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

H20 Losses: urine

A

800-1500cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

H20 Losses: insensible

A

600cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Irreversible brain damage. Hypoxic Encephalopathy.

A

6minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Classification of body fluid changes

A

Volume, Concentration & Composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Classic for Volume Excess. Distenden neck veins, Increase CVP & Murmur.

A

CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Normal Atrial pressure

A

8-15mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Increase in BUN & Crea

A

Azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Daily salt intake

A

50-90 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Salt gain & losses is maintained by

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Baroreceptors found in the

A

Carotid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Osmoreceptors found in the

A

Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most common fluid disorder in a surgical patient. Most common ECF loss GI fluids

A

Volume deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Iatrogenic, renal insufficiency, cirrhosis and CHF

A

Volume excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Common CNS manifestation in Hyponatremia

A

Seizure & coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

For every 100mg/dL increment in plasma glucose above normal, the plasma sodium decreased by 1

A

Check glucose for hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Common cause of hypernatremia

A

Iatrogenic sodium administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Whether high or low sodium this manifestation will occur

A

Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Electrolyte composition

A

Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus & Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Excessive K intake. Increased release of K from cells. Impaired K excretion by kidneys. Seen in high voltage electrical burn.

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Needed for depolarization

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When severely dehydrated you become

A

Acidotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Frequent drug offender that causes hypokalemia

A

Furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Usual manifestation of Hypokalemia in NMS

A

Weakness & Paralysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Contained in bone matrix. Protein bound 40%, completed to phosphate plus anion 10%.

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Normal calcium level

A

8.5-10.5 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Bony mets, primary hyperparathyroidism & secretion of parathyroid hormone related protein.

A

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Looks like catatonia

A

Hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Below 8.5mEq/L. Etiology is pancreatitis, severe soft tissue infections, renal Failure & etc.

A

Hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Adjust total serum calcium down by _______ for every 1g/dL decrease in albumin.

A

0.8mg/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Decreased urinary excretion, increased intake and endogenous immobilization.

A

Hyperphosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Decreased intake. Intracellular shift. Increased excretion.

A

Hypophosphatemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

50% incorporated in bone. Excreted in feces & urine. Kidneys conserve this. Essential for proper functioning if enzyme system.

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Severe renal insufficiency. Parallel changes in K excretion. Excess antacid intake.

A

Hypermagnesemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Water constitutes how many percent of TBW

A

50-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

TBW water for male

A

60%

55
Q

TBW water for female

A

50%

56
Q

TBW adjusted downward approximately 10-20% for

A

Obese individual

57
Q

TBW adjusted upward by 10% for

A

Malnourished individuals

58
Q

Is the largest fluid compartment in the body and makes up approximately 40% of TBW

A

Intracellular fluid

59
Q

Extracellular fluid is composed of

A

Plasma & Interstitial fluid

60
Q

Percentage of ECF

A

20%

61
Q

Percentage of plasma

A

5%

62
Q

Percentage of Interstitial fluid

A

15%

63
Q

Most common cation present in ICF

A

Potassium

64
Q

Most common cation present in ECF

A

Sodium

65
Q

Virtually absent in intracellular fluid and is present only in small amounts in ECF.

A

Calcium

66
Q

Principal determinants of osmolality

A

Sodium, Glucose & Urea

67
Q

Formula & conversion for serum osmolality

A

SO= 2 sodium + (Glucose/18) + (Urea/2.8)

68
Q

A patient develop a high output fistula following abdominal surgery, the fluid is sent for evaluation with the ff results Na 135, K 5 & Cl 70. What is the source of the fistula.

A

Pancreas

69
Q

Diagnosis for a patient with normovolemic hyponatremia

A

SIADH

70
Q

Can be seen with an excess of solute relative to free water, such as with untreated hyperglycemia or mannitol administration.

A

Hyponatremia

71
Q

Exerts an osmotic force in the extracellular compartment, causing a shift of water from intra to extracellular compartments.

A

Glucose

72
Q

For every 100mg/dL increment in plasma glucose above normal, the plasma sodium should decrease by

A

1.6 mEq/L

73
Q

Results from either loss of free water or a gain of sodium in excess water

A

Hypernatremia

74
Q

Hypervoleomic hypernatremia is usually caused by

A

Iatrogenic administration of sodium containing fluids

75
Q

Excess sodium bicarbonate & mineralocorticoid is seen in patients with

A

Cushing’s sydrome & Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

76
Q

Can contribute to hyperkalemia in patients renal insufficiency

A

NSAIDS

77
Q

Causes decrease deep tendon reflexes

A

Hypokalemia

78
Q

Causes increase deep tendon reflexes

A

Hypomagnesemia & Hypocalcemia

79
Q

In hyperkalemia, first ECG change seen in most patients.

A

Peaked T waves

80
Q

Postoperative patient with a potassium of 2.9 is given 1mEq/kg replacement show the serum K to be 3.0. Give dx.

A

Hypomagnesemia

81
Q

Will change serum potassium

A

Alkalosis

82
Q

Measurement of total calcium levels. Adjust total serum calcium down by __________ for every 1g/dL decrease in labumin.

A

0.8mg/dL

83
Q

Formula for serum calcium albumin computation (2.0 albumin & 6.6 calcium)

A

0.8 x 2 = 1.6 + 6.6 = 8.2

84
Q

Caused by intracellular shift of phosphate in association with respiratory alkalosis, insulin therapy & refeeding syndrome.

A

Acute Hypophosphatemia

85
Q

Occurs when excess calories are given to a starved person. Potentially lethal condition that occur with rapid and excessive feeding of patients with severe underlying malnutrition.

A

Refeeding syndrome

86
Q

Associated with hyperkalemia & hyperphosphatemia

A

Rhabdomyolysis

87
Q

Hypomagnesemia clinically resembles with

A

Hypocalcemia

88
Q

Is essential for proper function of many enzyme systems. Depletion is characterized by neuromuscular and CNS system.

A

Magnesium ion

89
Q

A patient presents obtunded to the ER with ff labs Na 130 Cl 105 K 3.2 HCO3 15. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

GI losses

90
Q

Formula of Anion Gap

A

AG= (Na) - (Cl+HCO3)

91
Q

Best choice to replace isotonic(serum) fluid loss. Best approximates serum electrolytes and would be the fluid of choice to replace isotonic serum fluid loss.

A

Lactated ringer

92
Q

First treatment administered to a patient with a potassium level of 6.3 and flattened P waves on either ECG

A

Insulin & Glucose

93
Q

Potassium can be removed from the body using a cation exchange resin such as this that binds potassium in exchange for sodium

A

Kayexalate

94
Q

Approximate IV rate maintenance fluids for a 50kg patient would be

A

90 mL/hr

95
Q

Water constitutes how many percent of TBW

A

50-60%

96
Q

TBW water for male

A

60%

97
Q

TBW water for female

A

50%

98
Q

TBW adjusted downward approximately 10-20% for

A

Obese individual

99
Q

TBW adjusted upward by 10% for

A

Malnourished individuals

100
Q

Is the largest fluid compartment in the body and makes up approximately 40% of TBW

A

Intracellular fluid

101
Q

Extracellular fluid is composed of

A

Plasma & Interstitial fluid

102
Q

Percentage of ECF

A

20%

103
Q

Percentage of plasma

A

5%

104
Q

Percentage of Interstitial fluid

A

15%

105
Q

Most common cation present in ICF

A

Potassium

106
Q

Most common cation present in ECF

A

Sodium

107
Q

Virtually absent in intracellular fluid and is present only in small amounts in ECF.

A

Calcium

108
Q

Principal determinants of osmolality

A

Sodium, Glucose & Urea

109
Q

Formula & conversion for serum osmolality

A

SO= 2 sodium + (Glucose/18) + (Urea/2.8)

110
Q

A patient develop a high output fistula following abdominal surgery, the fluid is sent for evaluation with the ff results Na 135, K 5 & Cl 70. What is the source of the fistula.

A

Pancreas

111
Q

Diagnosis for a patient with normovolemic hyponatremia

A

SIADH

112
Q

Can be seen with an excess of solute relative to free water, such as with untreated hyperglycemia or mannitol administration.

A

Hyponatremia

113
Q

Exerts an osmotic force in the extracellular compartment, causing a shift of water from intra to extracellular compartments.

A

Glucose

114
Q

For every 100mg/dL increment in plasma glucose above normal, the plasma sodium should decrease by

A

1.6 mEq/L

115
Q

Results from either loss of free water or a gain of sodium in excess water

A

Hypernatremia

116
Q

Hypervoleomic hypernatremia is usually caused by

A

Iatrogenic administration of sodium containing fluids

117
Q

Excess sodium bicarbonate & mineralocorticoid is seen in patients with

A

Cushing’s sydrome & Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

118
Q

Can contribute to hyperkalemia in patients renal insufficiency

A

NSAIDS

119
Q

Causes decrease deep tendon reflexes

A

Hypokalemia

120
Q

Causes increase deep tendon reflexes

A

Hypomagnesemia & Hypocalcemia

121
Q

In hyperkalemia, first ECG change seen in most patients.

A

Peaked T waves

122
Q

Postoperative patient with a potassium of 2.9 is given 1mEq/kg replacement show the serum K to be 3.0. Give dx.

A

Hypomagnesemia

123
Q

Will change serum potassium

A

Alkalosis

124
Q

Measurement of total calcium levels. Adjust total serum calcium down by __________ for every 1g/dL decrease in labumin.

A

0.8mg/dL

125
Q

Formula for serum calcium albumin computation (2.0 albumin & 6.6 calcium)

A

0.8 x 2 = 1.6 + 6.6 = 8.2

126
Q

Caused by intracellular shift of phosphate in association with respiratory alkalosis, insulin therapy & refeeding syndrome.

A

Acute Hypophosphatemia

127
Q

Occurs when excess calories are given to a starved person. Potentially lethal condition that occur with rapid and excessive feeding of patients with severe underlying malnutrition.

A

Refeeding syndrome

128
Q

Associated with hyperkalemia & hyperphosphatemia

A

Rhabdomyolysis

129
Q

Hypomagnesemia clinically resembles with

A

Hypocalcemia

130
Q

Is essential for proper function of many enzyme systems. Depletion is characterized by neuromuscular and CNS system.

A

Magnesium ion

131
Q

A patient presents obtunded to the ER with ff labs Na 130 Cl 105 K 3.2 HCO3 15. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

GI losses

132
Q

Formula of Anion Gap

A

AG= (Na) - (Cl+HCO3)

133
Q

Best choice to replace isotonic(serum) fluid loss. Best approximates serum electrolytes and would be the fluid of choice to replace isotonic serum fluid loss.

A

Lactated ringer

134
Q

First treatment administered to a patient with a potassium level of 6.3 and flattened P waves on either ECG

A

Insulin & Glucose

135
Q

Potassium can be removed from the body using a cation exchange resin such as this that binds potassium in exchange for sodium

A

Kayexalate

136
Q

Approximate IV rate maintenance fluids for a 50kg patient would be

A

90 mL/hr

SURGERY (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions