M1 Drugs Flashcards
Morphine
Opioid
mu receptor
For acute pain, anti-inflammatory effects
Adverse effects
- histamine release and hypotension after IV
- resp depression
Hydromorphone
Opioid mu receptor For acute pain or preanesthetic Emetic Long-acting SQ formulation No histamine release Resp depression, bradycardia, increased intracranial pressure
Meperidine
Opioid
mu receptor and weak kappa
Acute pain and preanesthetic
has some atropine-like effects: increases heart rate
Resp depression
Need to give IV slowly to avoid severe hypotension
Fentanyl
Opioid
mu receptor
Acute pain
In transdermal patches
Dose related respiratory and CNS depression
Very lipid soluble
Watch for heat packs increasing absorption = toxicity
Butorphanol
Opioid kappa agonist and partial mu agonist Pre and post operative pain Mild-moderate pain Not effective monoanalgesic Ceiling effect at high doses
Buprenorphine
Opioid Partial mu activity Pre and Post operative pain Mild-moderate pain Can be difficult to reverse w/ naloxone
Tramadol
Opioid
Inhibits neuronal reuptake of NE and serotonin
Acute and chronic pain
Naloxone
Opioid
mu, kappa, and delta antagonist
Reversal of opioid effects
High doses can cause catecholamine-related cardiac arrhythmia = vasoconstriction and pulmonary edema
Acetycylic Acid (Aspirin)
NSAID
Chronic pain; acute pain in some situations
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory
Contraindicated in patiens w/ acute GI bleeds
Low grade teratogen
Flunixin meglumine (Banamine)
NSAID Acute and chronic pain (visceral and musculoskeletal) Pyrexia Controls inflammation in endotoxemia Clostridial myostitis in horses
Ketoprofen (Ketofen, Anafen)
NSAID
Acute and chronic pain associated w/ musculoskeletal disorders
Use in cats for FLUT
Teratogen in late pregnancy
Ketorolac
NSAID
Mild to moderate pain, short-term analgesia
Phenylbutasone
NSAID Acute and chronic lameness in horses most common NSAID used in horses Significant drug accumulation (every other day administration recommended) DO NOT USE IN FOOD ANIMALS
Carprofen (Rimadyl)
NSAID
Pain, inflammation, osteoarthritis, post-op pain
Antineoplastic effects in dogs
Etodolac
NSAID
Pain and inflammation in dogs
Safety not established in dogs less than yr or in breeding, pregnant or lactating
Meloxicam
NSAID
Acute and chronic pain and inflammation
Postoperative pain and inflammation associated w/ orthopedic surgery
Pre-emtive in ovariohysterectomy and castration
osteoarthritis most common use
Deracoxib
NSAID
Pain and inflammation in dogs
Chronic osteoarthritis, orthopedic post-op pain
Firocoxib (Previcox, Equioxx)
NSAID
USA only
pain and inflammation associated w/ osteoarthritis
Robenacoxib
NSAID
pain and inflammation associated w/ osteoarthritis
Acetominophen (Tylenol)
NSAID
Analgesia but not anti-inflammatory
DO NOT GIVE TO CATS
Effectiveness in dogs is anecdotal
Grapiprant (Galliprant)
NSAID
osteoarthritis in dogs
Detomidine
a2 Agonist
dose dependent analgesia for moderate pain
Used mainly in horses
30-90 mins of sedation
Dexmedetomidine
a2 Agonist
Dogs and cats
Usually used in combo
Bradycardia and resp depression
Medetomidine
a2 Agonist
dogs and cats dose dependent sedation and usually used in combo
Romifidine
a2 Agonist clinical examination and procedures For minor surgical procedures Onset 5 mins IV Sedation 1-3hrs and analgesia 60-90 mins
Xylazine
a2 Agonist
somatic and visceral analgesia
In horses provides superior visceral analgesia compared to meperidine, butorphanol and pentazocine
Acepromazine
Dopamine antagonist
can reverse dysphoria
