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SAS 13 > M1 > Flashcards

M1 Flashcards

1
Q

James Zadroga

A

provides medical care and compensation for those who are sick with World Trade Center (WTC) illnesses, including first responders who came to New York from every state and nearly all Congressional districts in the nation

Granioloma : giant cells that form around foreign object..

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2
Q

Francis Collins

A

CysticFibrosis founder

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3
Q

disease taxonomy

A

classification scheme for diseases

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4
Q

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

A

-used to facilitate communication

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5
Q

ICD-Clinical Modification

A
  • used to facilitate communication
  • mortality stats
  • public health/ morbidity data
  • biling purposes

Y-38 terrorism

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6
Q

medical coding

A

ICD 10 code maker

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7
Q

body systems

A

disease can be classified depending on which body system its affected

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8
Q

disease etiology

A

classifying disease by cause

  • infectious
    ex: protist - malaria
  • genetic
  • environmental
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9
Q

nutritional deficiency

A

Beri beri : due to lack of vitamin B1 due to polished rice

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10
Q

nutritional deficiency

A

cause of lack of a nutrient

Beri beri : due to lack of vitamin B1 due to polished rice

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11
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

genetic disease that is life shortening

a mutation CFTR and results in clogging airways due to mucus

also infectious bc of slime producing bacterium

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12
Q

beriberi

A

means “ I cant I cant”
symptoms : severe fatigue and heart failure

environmental disease due to polished rice not having Vitamin B1

polished rice became popular because europeans brought mills that remove husk to elongate shelf life

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13
Q

beriberi

A

means “ I cant I cant”
symptoms : severe fatigue and heart failure

environmental disease due to polished rice not having Vitamin B1

polished rice became popular because europeans brought mills that remove husk to elongate shelf life

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14
Q

disease etymology

A

the study of words/ origin

des= away
disease = away from ease
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15
Q

infection

A

invasion by microorganism (has to be small)

infection does not mean disease

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16
Q

(types of) pathogenicmicroorganisms,

A

bacteria, fungi, virus, protist, helminths, prions

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17
Q

local vs systemic infections

A

local infection = one part of the body

systemic infection = widespread that usually travels through blood or lymph

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18
Q

primary vs secondary infections

A

primary : initial infection within a given pt
secondary : infections that follow initial usually by opportunistic pathogens that easily invade due to susceptible environment

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19
Q

acute/chronic/latent diseases,

A

acute: disease develop rapidly and runs its course quickly

chronic : disease develop slowly and last a long time

latent: disease that appears long after infection

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20
Q

opportunistic pathogens

A

invade when environment is susceptible due to earlier infection

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21
Q

communicable vs. contagious vs. non-communicablediseases

A

communicable : disease transmitted form one host to another

contagious : more easily spread than communicable

noncommuniacble : not spreadable

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22
Q

mechanisms of disease transmission

A

human to human

animal to human

via a vector

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23
Q

measles,

A

blood blister

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24
Q

malaria,

A

bad air

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25
Lou Gehrig’s disease
(named from pt) ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis loss of voluntary muscle control
26
Christmas disease
(named from pt) hemophilia B deficient in blood factor 9 - a blood clotting protein so needs transfusions
27
Alzheimer’s disease,
(named from physician) | dementia
28
Parkinson’s disease,
(named from physician) | shaking palsy
29
Legionnaires’ disease
non communicable disease: inhalation of aerosol bacteria legionella
30
auto-brewery syndrome
over growth if yeast in intestine as a result high ethanol level = gets drunk out of sugar and carbs infectious disease
31
chronic fatigue syndrome
"tired" people | named to get funding
32
tetanus,
non communicable disease: from soil bacterium tetani
33
Robert Guthrie
Guthrie test!
34
Queen Victoria and her son Leopold
Hemophilia queen victorias parents were not carriers meaning she started the mutation...
35
disease burden and DALYs,
DALY = years lived with disability + years lost Daily Adjusted Life Years burden total Daly? High vs low income - low income have higher Daly and are usually from infections like respiratory, aids, malaria - high income have lower DALY and is from depression or aging related disease
36
defining disease,
disease is the opposite of health abnormal condition with specific symptoms or signs
37
symptoms/signs
symptoms: something pt feels like headache sign: something doctor can see like rash
38
the normativist vs naturalist debateon how to define disease
normativist : emphasizes underdesireability of diease and harms to health and society ex: runaway slaves naturalist: require only the biological disfunction
39
body mass index (BMI)
weight / height
40
Ebola
1st stages are common things like fever or headache or sore throat. later stages include bleeding body fluids will contain high levels of titers ebola is an example of zoonotic bc bats to animals to humans
41
autism,
?
42
heel stick,
PKU screening in babies
43
Guthrie test
B2 thienyalanine inhibits bacteria growth but if there is phenylalanine present bacteria will still grow
44
newborn screening program
all new borns are tested with heel stick and PKU is not the only disease it can test for ex: sickle cell
45
contraindication
something to avoid | -ex: in hemophilia blood thinners or sports
46
goiter
nutritional deficiency lack of iodine enlarges thyroid gland
47
scurvy,
nutritional deficiency | lack of vitamin C
48
hepatitis A
has a vaccine
49
R0or the basic reproduction number,
if greater than one then infection will spread it is the average number of new infections that one infectious person generates depends on: - duration of infectious period - probablilty of infecting others - number of susceptible humans per unit time large R = hard to stop epidemic
50
autism,
refers to a broad range of conditions characterized by challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication.
51
drapetomania
was a conjectural mental illness that, in 1851, American physician Samuel A. Cartwright hypothesized as the cause of enslaved Africans fleeing captivity.
52
childhood diseases,
- measles - chicken pox - mumps - diphtheria - whooping cough
53
maternal PKU syndrome
without proper diet high chances of baby having mental retardation
54
hemophilia
X linked recessive disorder causes to bleed longer hemophilia A: mutation in gene factor 8 hemophilia B: mutation in gene factor 9 treatment: donated plasma or recombination factor
55
John Enders
?
56
anti-vaccine movement,
measles outbreak due to anti vaccine movement. less children are being vaccinated today anitvaxers will choose measles over autism
57
vaccine exemptions
opposed to religious beliefs
58
Rachel Carson
"birth of environmental movement" bc insecticides affects wildlife, causes cancer, and is an endocrine disruptor.. DDT banned in US
59
epidemic
number of case spreads
60
zoonotic diseases
disease transmitted from animal host to human
61
bushmeat’
wild life meat that is consumed usually by poor population. people can get disease from it
62
vector-borne diseases,
transmitted by mosquitoes, fleas, ticks vectors can carry bacteria (infectious disease) like malaria
63
Plasmodiumlife cycle,
mosquito will take up gametocyte of plasmodium and inject sparozites. gametocytes reproduce sexually in midgut of mosquito.. they multiply in liver of human parasite enters blood stream and when red blood cells burst, they release new parasites that will further infect other red blood cells = multiplies periodicity of cycles correspond with chill/fever
64
‘vector control’
for malaria it was to kill the mosquito by releasing western mosquito fish - insecticides were also used to kill water mosquitos ex: kerosine oil released into water, DDT killed adult mosquito
65
mosquito life cycle
adult will lay ege on surface of water then large will form then poppa then adult
66
DDT
"mosquito kryptonite"
67
indoor residual spraying,
in some regions where malaria is endemic DDT is being sprayed to interior walls of houses to repel mosquitoes
68
different types of anti-malarial drugs,
- quinine (but now plasmodium is resistant) | - artemisin
69
asbjørn Følling,
Falling disease : phenlyketone in urine (PKU)
70
malaria vaccine
RTS,S or Mosquirix is the only approved vaccine for malaria 26-36% efficacy and need all 4 doses deletion of 3 genes in parasite prevented bacterium to complete life cycle
71
definition and types of genetic diseases,
caused by an abnormality in an individuals DNA 1) single- gene disorders 2) chromosome abnormalities 3) multifactorial dosorders
72
transcription/translation,
Transcription : DNA to mRNA | Translation: mRNA to Protein
73
DNA mutations,
Point mutation, a letter is mutates point deletion, deletes a letter In-frame deletion, deletes a 3 letter code
74
dominant vs recessive,
HH vs Hh
75
autosomal vs sex-linked
autosomal : traits are caused by genes on autosomes (chromosome 1-22) sex linked : caused by genes on sex chromosome X or Y
76
homozygous vs heterozygous,
homozygous same allele | heterozygous different allele
77
phenylketonuria (PKU)
autosomal recessive both mom and dad has to give affected chromosome to child hh affects 1/15000 US babies defienceicy in liver enzymes excessive phenylalanine in blood blocks transport of essential amino acid to brain =severe brain damage treatment: diet of phenyl free food
78
Disneymalaria video,
M
79
phenylketonuria (PKU)
autosomal recessive both mom and dad has to give affected chromosome to child hh affects 1/15000 US babies defienceicy in liver enzymes excessive phenylalanine in blood blocks transport of essential amino acid to brain =severe brain damage treatment: diet of phenyl free food medicine: kuvan gene therapy?
80
George Huntington
found Huntington's disease and said that once the disease is gone in the line its gone... Huntington's chorea observations 1) Its hereditary nature and how it never skips a generation 2) tendency to insanity and suicide 3) manifests itself as a grave disease only in adult life onset between ages of 35 and 45
81
Charles Davenport,
American eugenics movement compulsory sterilization and immigration control for people with Huntington's disease and other mental disorder
82
Alice Wexler
wrote the book "the woman who walked into the sea" huntingotns and the making of a disease Alice wexler has no signs of Huntington's nor her sister meaning one parent had recessive and no Huntington's and the other was heterozygous
83
Nancy Wexler
found the HD gene in Venezuela where there is a lot of HD prevalence. took 20 years HD gene or HTT is in chromosome 4 .. CAG repeats
84
Woody Guthrie.
READ his lyrics
85
eugenics movement
compulsory sterilization and immigration control for people with Huntington's disease and other mental disorder
86
HD140Q-knock-in mice
mice engineered to carry Huntington gene
87
CRISPR/Cas9 as agene editingtool
"genetic surgery" Cas9 use guide RNA to find and cut viral DNA Spacers are placed in bacterium genome (CRISPR) then is used as guide RNAS
88
Huntington’s disease
dominant autosomal Dd or DD affects movement mind and mood "chorea" dancing propensities cure: none there is medication for chorea

SAS 13 (2 decks)

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