M1 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the best practices of airport communications centers?
A
APCO Project 33 Minimum Training Standards for PST, NFPA 1061 Standard for Professional Qualifications for PST, and CALEA Standards for PS Commincations Agencies- Chapt 5 Training.
2
Q
Common names used to describe ACC in industry today?
A
airport communications center, comm/dispatch center, emergency operations center, airport communications operations, control or command center, c-2 c-3 c-4 center, airport 911, airport dispatch, fusion centers
3
Q
Describe the airport comm system?
A
System is all-inclusive and must be effectively managed, planned and function together to provide for best possible service.
4
Q
Basic elements of the airport comm system?
A
ACD, Technology, Equipment
5
Q
Goal of the airport communications system?
A
Efficient and effective communications coordination for the community served.
6
Q
Essential service from the airport communications system?
A
To satisfy the immediate information needs of the stakeholder in the course of his/her daily activities and during emergencies.
7
Q
Core objectives of the airport communications system?
A
1) To provide a system of communications that will allow the public to access services form the airport.
2) Provide a system that allows responders to communicate in a way that assists them in carrying out their responsibilities.
8
Q
Primary tasks performed by the airport communications system?
A
1) Communicate between the stakeholder and the department. (emergencies/non-emergencies, calls from stakeholders giving/requesting info., administrative calls from airport operator to the stakeholders i.e. airport paging
2) Communicates among members of the department. i.e. ACD to ops agent
3) Communicates between departments.
4) Communicates between departments and other agencies.
9
Q
Core objectives of the ACC?
A
1) provide a method for stakeholders to access services provided by the airport operator.
2) process these requests and assign resources and personnel to take care of them.
3) maintain contact with personnel in the field, thus allowing them to carryout their responsibilities.
10
Q
CONOPS
A
Concept of operations plan.
Tool used by management that will explain in broad terms the modus operandi for the many systems located in the ACC. Will answer the ACC mission and core objectives.
11
Q
Consolidation means?
A
To streamline to keep costs low and maintain the highest productivity possible.
12
Q
Types of consolidation
A
- Full
- Partial- driven by political, operation, fiscal realities.
- Co-Located- infrastructure and common equipment shared so costs reduced.
13
Q
How are ACC configured?
A
No two centers are configured the same way. Generally, an ACC will be configured for emergency communications support.
14
Q
Primary disciplines of airport communications
A
- Law enforcement
- Fire
- EMS
- Airport operations involved dispatching, communications, resource management of airside/landside/facilities maintenance etc.
15
Q
What is a mission statement?
A
Statement that defines an organizations philosophies, ambitions, goals, and core values.
16
Q
What is a written directive system?
A
Provides employees with a clear understanding of the constraints and expectations relating to the performance of their job tasks.
17
Q
Policy
A
A guide to thinking and states what should happen in terms of outcomes.
18
Q
Procedure
A
A guide to action to achieve goal of the policy.
19
Q
Protocols
A
Highly defined procedure to generate actions that are predictable, repeatable, and verifiable. Ex. Call guides and triage cards
20
Q
Structure and Function of ACC
A
ACC work within an organized structure and must be flexible in design to meet the needs of the airport operator with speed and accuracy. Most fall under ops and support the entire community.
21
Q
Classification plan
A
Put together by HR and lists job titles, duties, and qualifications for each position and provides a description of work performed in the center. Allows for clear definition of roles and responsibilities that is essential.
22
Q
Chain of Command
A
One position reporting to another.
Instruction flows downward and accountability flows upward.
Help to identify authority and responsibility inherent in each position.
23
Q
Rules of Conduct
A
Duty to serve the public, fellow coworkers, and other members of support agencies.
24
Q
Duty
A
Legal or moral obligation.
25
Ethics
Standards of moral behavior that are accepted by society as right versus wrong.
26
FAR 139
Certification and Operations
Evolved from the Airport and Airways Development ACt of 1970. Objective is to ensure the safety in air transportation by regulating the operation and maintenance of airports. Prevent accidents and mitigate fatalities and injuries.
27
FAR part 77
Object Affecting Navigable Airspace.
Establish procedures for reporting to the FAA proposed construction that may constitute potential obstructions or hazards to safe air navigation.
28
How do ACC operate under the AEP?
Airports certificated under 139 are required to develop and maintain an AEP. Designed to minimize possibility and extent of personal injury and property damage to the airport during an emergency. Includes procedures for prompt response and guidance to each person implementing it.
29
AC 150/5200-31 "AEP"
The tool used to develop their AEP. Section 2 "communications" speaks about differing communications tools and how each should function during an emergency. Being able to determine the level of response and requiring the communication of accurate information about the nature and type of emergency. AEP must also contain information about the emergency alerting system and how it functions during emergencies.
30
Federal Aviation Act 1958
Faa has authority to combat hazards.
31
FAR Part 107
Preventing unauthorized access into the AOA.
32
TSAR Part 1542
Airport Security established 2002 under TSA.
33
ACC mission under 1542
May involve documentation of security checkpoint incidents, monitoring access into restricted areas, etc.
34
How are ACC equipped?
Dispatch consoles, telephone systems, radio systems, recording systems, CAD systems, computer access control and alarm monitoring, CCTV, etc.
35
Informational resources found in ACC?
TDD, PA systems, TTY NCIC systems, national warning system, lightning detector system, maps, status boards, internet, etc.
36
What is public relations?
A strategic communications process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their community and media groups and can instill confidence in the airport's ability to handle a crisis.
37
What is customer service?
The degree of assistance and the courtesy granted those who patronize a business. It's the interaction between the stakeholder and the airport service provider at the time of the request and thereafter. Life blood of the organization and the key element in sustainability.
38
What is a geographical service area?
The geographical area under a jurisdiction. ACC has defined service areas for the agencies within their jurisdiction.
39
Describe the airport system?
Aviation most widely used method of public transportation.
US possesses the largest aviation system in the world.
3,355 are designated significant and classified as NPIAS.
40
Core principals of the airport system
Safe, efficient, located where people will use them. Developed and maintained to appropriate standards, affordable, and self sufficient. flexible and expandable, permanent and open for the long term, compatible with surrounding communities, developed in concert with improvements to the air traffic control system, support critical national objectives, extensive, contribute to the economy and international competitiveness.
41
The FAA definition of an airport
Any area of land, water or structure used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.
42
What are the essential qualities an airport brings to the local community?
Airports provide essential public services to those communities and play a key role in the success, strength, and growth of the local community.
43
Principal components that shape the air transportation system?
1. the airport
2. the airline
3. the end user
44
Hub and Spoke System
Flights of an airline from many different cities converge at a single point. Saves airlines money and gives pax better routes to destinations.
45
Private Use Airports
14,615
46
Public Use Airports
5,171
47
General Aviation Airports
2,563
48
378 Airports are designated as...
Primary designated large, medium, small or non hub.
49
NPIAS
National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems
A planning document used by the FAA identifying 3,355 public use airports that are significant to national air transportation and thus eligible to receive federal grants from the FAA. The FAA uses it to administer the AIP to improve safety and efficiency.
50
How does NPIAS categorize airports?
Commercial- public use, scheduled pax service having 2500 or more
Reliever- high capacity GA provides pilots with alternatives to using congested hubs. 100 or more based aircraft or 25,000 annual itinerant ops.
GA- fewer than 2500 annual enplanements not providing commercial pax service.
NPIAS- 67 new airports scheduled to open within the next five years.
51
How are airports described?
By level of activity using the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Nationally used standard for collecting, tabulating, and publishing federal statistics for a set of geographic areas.
52
What is a commercial service airport?
Public use. Scheduled pax service having 2500 or more enplaned pax per year.
53
What is a hub?
Each metropolitan airport that is very busy.
54
Four Classes of Hubs
Large- account for 1% of total u.s. commercial pax enplanements.
Medium- 0.25-1%
Small- 0.05-0.25%
Non-Hub- less than 0.05%
55
Airfield characteristics
Runway and taxiways.
56
ALP
Airport layout plan.
Product of the master planning process. Graphical depiction (pictures) of existing facilities and land uses, their location and planned development areas for the airport.
57
Define Runway
Defined rectangular area, on a land aerodome, prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft along it's length.
58
Runway Configurations
Single, parallel, Open-V, Intersecting
59
Define Taxiway
Path connecting runways with ramps, aprons, hangars, terminals, and other facilities.
60
Taxiways are designed based on...
Wingspan and wingtip clearance necessary for the largest aircraft expected to use the airport allowing speeds up to 20mph.
Direct routing to runway, bypass capability or multiple access to runway, minimization of runway crossings and ample turning radius, visible to ATCT and prevention of ingress and egress bottlenecks on the aprons.
61
How do delays impact the airport system?
Major threat. The delay at one airport impacts the delays of another.
62
What is system?
| system and capacity
Runways, taxiways, Navaids, ramps, aprons, gates, terminal areas, airport terminals, and terminal/curbside interfaces, vehicle circulation and parking areas, and the access roadways.
63
What is Capacity?
| system and capacity
Ability of an airport to handle a given volume or magnitude of traffic within a specified period.
64
FAA concern with system and capacity?
Airfield capacity a major concern. Impact of delay on managing a safe and separated airspace.
65
Airport operator concern with system and capacity?
Major concern is safety, economic operation, public service, and user convenience.
66
Principal components that shape the airport system?
Airside, landside, terminal
67
Airport Operator
Organization responsible for the direction and management of one or more airports. Holder of the certificates issued by the FAA, the person in charge.
68
Primary duty of the airport operator
Safe and efficient operation of the airport and it's facilities regardless of size.
69
Municipal or County Government
city owned and run as department of the city, with policy or direction by city council and/or by a separate airport commission.
70
Multipurpose Port Authority
legally chartered institutions with the status of public corporations.
71
Single Purpose Airport Authority
Similar to port authority, but has the power to issue their own debt for financing capital development. Relay on a much narrower base of revenues to run self sustaining enterprises.
72
State Operated Airports
Each state's DOT manages these.
73
DOT
10/15/1966 LBJ, is to develop and coordinate policies that will provide an efficient and economical national transportation system, with due regards for needs, environment and national defense.
74
FAA
Responsible in overseeing aircraft safety, and competency of pilots and mechanics. Provides mandatory safety rules, conducts inspections, and setting high standards for civil aviation. Regulates civil aviation to promote safety. Development and operation of the ATC system. Research and development of the national airspace. Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation.
75
What is community demographics?
Interfacing with other agencies. Relationships with outside agencies defined through MOU and MOA.
Vital in identifying and anticipating problems and community needs.
76
What does the ACD do?
Receive and process emergency and non-emergency calls from the public requesting assistance, and transmits and coordinates the dispatching of the appropriate service providers.
77
ACD described as...
Quick thinkers. Multi taskers. Remain calm in high pressure situations. Lifelong learners. Comfortable and confident in what they do.
78
Trait
Distinguishing quality.
79
Characteristics
A distinguishing trait or quality. Examples: Communicate clearly and concisely, rapid and accurate thinking, sound judgement, helping others stay calm, working under pressure and stress, following procedures, deal with people in times of crisis and life and death situations, working with computers, excellent short/long term memory, sitting for long periods.
80
Essential critical abilities of the ACD
```
Cognitive abilities (verbal, reasoning, memory)
Psychomotor abilities (manual dexterity and speed)
Sensory motor (speech, hearing, vision)
```
81
Professionalism
Conduct, aims, or quality that characterize or mark a profession or professional person.
82
Ethics
Standards of moral behavior. Honesty and integrity are the cornerstone and making the correct choice is a critical component. Image is perception.
83
Job Description
Written statement that describes the duties, responsibilities, most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position, required qualifications of candidates, and reporting relationships within a particular job.
84
Perceptions and realities of a job
When employees view their employer, their work, and their relationships at the workplace as positive the employee will be happy, productive and remain in the center longer.
Negative perceptions kill motivation of good employees and they will seek opportunities elsewhere.
85
Role of ACD
telephone interrogation-dispatch/resources allocation-coordination of logistics
call prioritization-impacting lives via the telephone-resource networking
86
How does the ACD serve as an ambassador for the airport?
The way we talk, ask questions, attempt to solve the caller's problem will directly influence the caller's perception of the service quality and establish their entire feelings about the airport and the region.
87
Telephone Interrogation
Trained to ask questions to determine the nature of the call and provide field units in a timely manner ensuring their safety.
88
Dispatch/Resource Allocation
Deciding who will handle the call.
89
Call Prioritization
Evaluating the urgency and ensuring adequate response by applicable department. Call type determines urgency.
90
Coordination of logistics
Maintain knowledge of status of response resources, determine additional resource needs.
91
Resource Networking
Networking with and providing information to each arm of the airport operations network.
92
What is airport operations?
Mechanism to ensure the airport meets it's federal, state and local requirements.
93
What is airport operations primary objective?
To maintain a safe and secure environment for the traveling public, respond to emergencies, and represent management during and after hours. Maintains the ACM, ASP, WHMP, LOA, etc.
94
Confidentiality can be a...
violation of both criminal and civil law.
95
What is risk management?
Preventing, eliminating, or mitigating exposure to adverse circumstances. Reducing risks involves early identification and aggressive action.
96
Common risks to ACD?
Failure to verify address and call back numbers, no protocols followed, attitude problems, argumentative interrogation, misinterpretation of the caller's complaint.
97
Minimum training requirements for the ACD found in...
APCO Minimum Training Standards.
| NFPA Standard 1061.
98
Training alternatives for ACD...
Software
E-Learning
Training Simulators
Guide Cards
99
What is stress?
Constraining force or influence; a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation.
100
What are the effects of stress?
Physical and psychological. Can cause burnout, physical, emotional, and behavior disorders, insomnia, headaches.
101
What is stress management?
A way to reduce stress. Develop a personal game plan. Educate yourself. Use the EAP. Learn how to work well with stress.
102
What is critical incident stress?
Aircraft disasters, death, serious injuries, hostage, bomb threats are all critical incidents. Those incidents become so traumatic and overwhelming you begin to experience acute stress reactions.
103
Do's and Don'ts working with the media
Do not release confidential information. Including juvenile information and HIPPA, ongoing investigations and internal communications processes.
104
What is liability?
Legal responsibility for one's acts or omissions; Failure to meet that responsibility leaves them open for a lawsuit resulting in damages or a court order to perform. Failure to fulfill the duty to act.
105
Alleged
something that is claimed as existing but is not yet proven
106
Enjoin
action to restrain or stop a party from doing something.
107
Litigation
any lawsuit
108
Standard of Care (Duty of Care)
Level of duty owed by one person to another, based on what a reasonable person would do in that situation. Result could be negligence.
109
Liability to aircraft operators will arise...
out of aircraft accidents, fueling, maintenance and servicing, noise, and rescue efforts.
110
Liability to airport operators will arise...
out of automobile accidents and other vehicle accidents, elevators, escalators, police/security enforcement, land use control, property rights, and cases deriving from nuisance (tripping and falling), construction, special events.
111
Liability to the sale of products will arise...
from maintenance and servicing, food and beverage, and fueling.
112
Aviation laws that establish criminal sanctions
Transporting hazardous materials, Transporting controlled substances w/o navigation and collision lights illuminated, Operating an aircraft into this country w/o proper registration, Interference with the duties of a crew person on an air carrier, use or possession of unauthorized aviation certificates, making false statements with the intent to defraud the government.
113
Civil Liability is
What manager wants to prevent! Potential responsibility for payment of damages or penalties in a lawsuit. Result in damage or injury.
114
Criminal liability is
An act prosecuted by the state in accordance with the state's criminal code. Violation of the law.
115
Vicarious liability is
When one person is liable for the actions of another person, even though the first person was not directly responsible for the injury. Example- parents held responsible for an act of their child.
116
Difference between criminal and civil
money versus jail time
117
The duty of a party in a lawsuit to persuade the judge or jury that enough facts exist to prove the allegations of the case is
Burden of Proof
118
Failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonable person would exercise in a similar circumstance is
Negligence
119
Tort
A legal wrong committed upon the person or property. It may be a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual, the infraction of some public duty by which special damage builds up to the individual. The violation of some private obligation by which like damage amasses to the individual.
120
Four elements of a tort
duty
breach of duty
injury or damage
proximal cause
121
Three elements of a tort action
legal duty
breach of duty
damages
122
Liability with ACD
Most common mistake is in response to calls. Response mistakes indicate a failure to respond or the inappropriate response to a request for service.
123
Liability in the "dispatch function phases"
1. call receiving- deviating from procedures
2. dispatch- correctly prioritize incidents following SOP's
3. post dispatch- not relaying additional information from complainant to responding unit and from responding unit to other responding units
124
What constitutes misconduct?
Failure to act.
125
How to limit risk?
Helping to ensure liability is minimized through proper application of appropriate standards and good judgement.
126
6 Risk Management Strategies
1. Insurance
2. Procedure/Protocols- uniform responses produce safest most reliable outcome
3. Education- reinforces system protocols
4. Proper Supervision- key to consistency, discipline, and morale
5. Documentation- proactively evaluate, modify practices and training, and make changes if necessary.
6. Quality Improvement
127
What is communication?
The act or instance of transmitting information communicated, a verbal or written message, a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior.
128
Types of Communication
Oral
Written
Non-Verbal
129
What vital functions do the types of communications serve?
1. Enables us to organize our feelings we get from our environment and put them into a picture so we can adapt to it
2. Enables us to share pictures of what our environment is like with other people.
130
What does interpersonal communication have to do with the ACD?
Words, tone of voice, inflection and background noise all combine to communicate the situation to the dispatcher. It is more than the words we say!
131
What is interpersonal communication skills?
Tools we use to let others know how we think, feel, need and want. They are the way we let others know that we understand what they think, feel, need and want. A message is only successful when the sender and receiver perceive it the same way.
132
Two forms of interpersonal communications
Empirical
| Symbolic
133
Empirical
"what is actually happening" is the context viewed by the citizen, police officer, firefighter or the person on the scene.
134
Symbolic
"words used to refer to objects, persons, events, situations" is the translation of that first hand experience from the empirical data into a communicable version of those experiences.
135
Assumptions
something that is believed to be true without proof
136
Inferences
to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises
| example- we see smoke and infer fire
137
How do you deal with inferences, assumptions, and observations?
Assuptions are the nemesis to the ACD. Do not make assumptions! Develop a true understanding of the implications of assumptions.
Inferences are misleading and draw wrong conclusions. Check the source and credibility of the caller. The more people who call in lend credibility and a "scale of probability" in determining validity.
138
What is the communications cycle?
Occurs when two people exchange ideas and develop a mutual understanding.
5 Components:
Message, Sender, Medium, Noise, Receiver, Feedback
"my sister must not really feel"
139
Two types of listening elements
passive- when a listener does not verbally respond to speaker
active- hearing with focus and involves feedback
140
Paraphrasing
a restatement of the text
141
Cultural Diversity
People with a variety of the histories, ideologies, traditions, values, lifestyles, and languages living and interacting together.
142
What is technology
Process by which humans fasten tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment.
What allows businesses to achieve organizational goals.
143
Empathy
The ability and understanding to enter fully into another's feelings. Putting yourself in their shoes and getting them the help they need. They don't want sympathy they want help.
144
What is technology to ACD?
What enables them to do their jobs efficiently and effectively as the technology will allow.
145
Basic history of the telephone
1876 Boston invented by Bell
| Most used piece of telecommunications equipment in the world.
146
Wired phone systems were...
series of phone sets wired to a switching board. Network stopped at operator's desk and operators unplugged and plugged lines connecting and disconnecting calls.
147
Switched telephone exchanges
configured to complete calls in a defined geographical area
148
Cellular Technology is...
actually a radio. Provide service by employing a network of cell sites distributed over a wide area. Cell sites contain receivers and base stations which manages, sends, and receives traffic from the mobile in the geographical area to a telephone switch.
149
Problem with cellular technology is...
it will not display address information, will only display the address of the cell site the call is coming from.
150
What is a PBX?
Private Branch Exchange
Telephone switch located on premise of company and the trunk lines are provided into the building by the telephone company, and the phone system is connected to the public system at only one point. Most address systems interface so pages can be made. Less expensive and is flexible and changeable over time.
151
Major issues with a PBX?
When a tenant chooses to use their own PBX, connecting it to one or a series of lines provided by the airport PBX. The ACD must 1) interrogate the caller for the exact location 2) PBX is reaching end of it's lifecycle due to emerging NextGen technologies such as the VOIP.
152
What is the VOIP and it's challenges?
Voice over internet protocol
Allows you to make telephone calls over the internet.
Lack of ability to seamlessly dial 911.
153
TDD consists of?
3 parts:
| keyboard, display, equipment to send/receive messages
154
Impact of ADA?
Regulatory requirement.
Requires airport operator by public entities by two federal laws to render communication accessibility to individuals with hearing impairments.
155
What is a PSAP?
Public Safety Answering Point.
Single location point with two types. Primary and secondary.
Primary function is to facilitate the flow of information between the caller and the responsible agency.
156
Basic 911
Dialed, and the PSAP answers the call. The emergency and it's location is communicated by the caller.
157
Enhanced 911
call routed to proper center for the caller's location and the center can display the caller's phone number and address.
158
Call Routing Process (4)
```
Direct Dispatch
Call Relay (info not caller transferred to remote agency)
Call Referral (non emergency/admin calls when operator will assist citizens or refers them to telephone directory)
Call Transfer (the answering 911 receives calls for another jurisdiction and the caller is transferred to that agency)
```
159
What are non emergency telephone lines used for?
Routine communications that pose no risk of injury or loss of life.
160
Computerized mapping systems are?
Able to place an exact location of a phone call and keep track of a unit in the field or display the location of an access control alarm.
161
What are logging recorders?
Voice and video recorders
162
Radio
The wireless transmission of signals through free space by electromagnetic radiation of a frequency below that of visible light, in a frequency range of 30-300ghz. Two main reasons people use the radio: economics and safety
163
3 Basic Types of Conventional Radio Systems
Base stations
portables
mobiles
164
Unit to Unit Radio
one frequency, units operating on one frequency to talk (simplex)
165
Central Dispatch Radio
two frequencies, transmitters operate on one and receivers on another while the person in the middle takes the message from one frequency to another.
166
Repeater Radio System
System receives signals from mobile and portable units and re-transmits them. Wider area coverage. Take the person out of the middle. (duplex)
167
Trunked Radio System
Network of repeaters and computer controlled. Multiple talk groups and a computer sorts them. Benefit is if you have several groups of users and only a limited amount of channels.
168
Spectrum Radio
complete range of possible frequencies that now or could be used for radio communication.
169
Bands
referred to names such as HF, VHF, SHF, and EHF (extremely high frequency)
170
Types of Alarms
fire alarms, emergency or notification systems (panic button), hold-up, burglary, sprinkler and flow tampers, and sophisticated access control systems.
171
Types of equipment for alarm systems
physical hardware stored at location
| example- alarm receivers, control panels, detection devices
172
FAR 139.325 d 3 relation to alarm systems
Requires the certificate holder provide for emergency alarm or notification systems
173
What is an access control system and the equipment used?
Under 1542, Designed to manage access to and from a facility, and the monitoring of alarm points.
Includes: Badges, card readers, controllers, intrusion detection, cctv, fire alarm and motion detectors.
174
1542 relation to access control systems
Regulation that addresses airport security. Requires the airport operator to establish a secured area, and to prevent and detect unauthorized entry, presence, and movement of individuals and ground vehicles into and within the secured area.
175
How are CCTV systems used in airports?
Vital component of the airport security team! Monitoring public areas in order to detect incidents and coordinate police, fire, ems responses. May be used as an aid in enforcing exclusion (trespassing). Recording events used for evidence to assist in investigations. Directed surveillance of suspected offenders. Deterrence of criminal activities.
176
How are visual paging displays used at airports?
Compliance with ADA regulations. Can be used to show advertising and revenue generating media. Used to display: informational messages, courtesy announcements, final call messages, emergency messages, advertising media, public service announcements.
177
NextGen Technologies is...
the next generation or stage of development or version of a product or service or technology.
178
Purpose of NIMS
To standardize the approach to incident management response.
179
History of NIMS
Feb. 28, 2003 Bush issued HSPD-5.
Gave direction to secretary of homeland security to develop and administer the NIMS program.
March 2004, NIMS establishes a uniform set or processes and procedures that emergency responders at all levels of government will use to conduct response operations.
180
NIMS impact on ACD
Initial call details critical:
1. Early determination of hazards and appropriate notifications are essential.
2. ACD must update event records, call history, and info from callers and the response units to best assess the true nature of the call.
3. ACD must understand additional questions and pre-arrival instructions can have a significant impact on the outcome of events as they evolve.
181
Purpose of ICS
A systematic approach to the management of emergencies and non-emergencies large and small.
182
Principles and Concepts of ICS
ICS starts when the first unit arrives on the scene.
Basic operating guideline is that the person at the top of the ICS organization has the capability to expand or contract to meets the needs of the incident.
183
Organization of ICS
IC
| Ops planning logistics finance/admin
184
ACD role in ICS
Responder safety, procedural info, and proper recording of the incident.
185
Causes of IROPS
Extreme weather, natural disasters, reduction of airport facility capacity, aircraft mechanical problems, labor issues, etc.
186
Impact of IROPS on airports
surge, capacity, after hours aircraft arrivals, extended stay pax
187
Impact of IROPS on airlines
Flight cancellations, delays, diversions, and time crew expiration
188
Impact of IROPS on ACD
3 things are critical during this event:
communication, coordination, and collaboration
The ACC should be the single point of contact for relevant information related to aircraft status. ACD should be active in development of the IROPS plan bc it has a vested stake in the communications coordination effort.
189
Specific threats to airports
WMD, active shooter, domestic terrorism, international terrorism
190
What is terrorism?
The unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.
191
Domestic Terrorism
(patriot act) criminal acts that are dangerous to human life and seem to be meant to scare civilians or affect policy.
Left wing- anti capitalist revolutionary groups
Right wing- opposition to federal taxation and regulation, hatred of religious and racial minorities
Special interest- focus on single issues ex) abortion
192
International Terrorism
Violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the U.S. or any state or would be a violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the U.S. or any state.
193
Terrorism Call Types
Access control violations
security breaches
unlawful weapon at a screening point
194
What is an active shooter?
One or more individuals participating in a random or systematic killing spree demonstrating their intent to harm with a firearm. Objective is that of mass murder.
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What is a WMD?
A destructive device, chemical or biological agent, or the release of life threatening levels of radioactive material. Weapon crosses threshold when the consequences of it's release overwhelm local responders.
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WMD Call Types
Chemical- gas, liquid or solid that poison
Biological- germs or other substances that make you sick
Radiological- explosives to spread radioactive materials
Explosive- detonation, a chemical action that causes sudden formation of volume of expanded gas
Nuclear- an explosion with intense light and heat, contaminates water, air, ground
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NFPA 1600
Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs
American National Institute recommended to the 9-11 commission that it be recognized as the national preparedness standard, It provides a standardized basis for disaster/emergency management planning in private and public sectors by providing common elements, techniques and processes. Contains provisions so the impact of disaster would be mitigated, while protecting life and property.
