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matter and energy > m1 > Flashcards

m1 Flashcards

1
Q

He is related to the principles which ruled behavior of natural bodies, celestial and terrestial…

concepts: motion, change of place/size/number

A

Aristole

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2
Q

He is the father of Hydrostatics and the Buoyancy Principle…

A

Archimedes

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3
Q

He is the father of Modern Physics…

concept: from motion of bodies to classical mechanics

A

Galileo Galilei

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4
Q

He created the Motion Law, Universal Gravitation Principles, Optics and Calculus…

A

Isaac Newton

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5
Q

He created the Electromagnetic Theory and Wave’s Theory…

A

James Maxwell

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6
Q

He created the Theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory and the Photoelectric Effect…

A

Albert Einstein

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7
Q

Physics is….
Astronomy is…

A

Physics is one of the oldest sciences
AND
Astronomy is one of its areas

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8
Q

What is Classic Physics?

A

18th - 19th Century

SMALL velocities when compared to light speed

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9
Q

What is Modern Physics?

A

20th Century

-Quantum and Relativity Theories
-Velocities NEAR light speed

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10
Q

What’s Physical Quantity?

A

Quantifiable property linked to a phenomenon, body or substance which is measured by comparing it with a known standard.

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11
Q

What’s Standard?

A

Physical record
Easy to determine
Particular

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12
Q

What’s Magnitude?

A

Define something with a number & unit of measure

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13
Q

What’s Unit?

A

Particular Physical Quantity
Used to compare other quantities of the same kind to show their value

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14
Q

What’s Measuring?

A

Comparing the unknown with the known measure magnitude

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15
Q

What’s Direct Measurement?

A

Measuring length with an instrument of the same magnitude.
Ex: Measuring length with a ruler

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16
Q

What’s Indirect Measurement?

A

Measured through mathematical calculatios with quantities from the Direct Measurement.
Ex: v = d/t

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17
Q

What’s a Systematic Error?

A

Imperfect calibration of the measurement instrument.

18
Q

What’s a Random Error?

A

The magnitude varies randomly.
Not common and Difficult to anticipate.

19
Q

What’s an Absolute Error?

A

The difference between real & measured value of a magnitude.

20
Q

What’s a Relative Error?

A

The Percentaje
Result fraction of the radio of the ABSOLUTE ERROR and Measured Magnitude

21
Q

What’s SI?

A

The International System of Units

*Most used Unit System in the world
*Based on the Metric System
*Regulated in Paris, France

22
Q

What’s Meter?

A

Length of a path traveled by ligth wave in a vacuum.

23
Q

What’s Kilogram?

A

Unit of mass
This standard is the only one that requires a comparison to be valid

24
Q

What’s Second?

A

Time needed for (LARGE NUMBER) vibrations of a cesium atom

25
Q

What’s the Scientifc Notation?

A

Short method to show a really BIG or a really small number.

26
Q

6 Dimensional Analysis of Quantities?

A
  1. Simplifies procedures that involve different physical magnitudes.
  2. It can scale to analyze simpler units.
  3. Simplifies experimental processes
  4. Useful in scale experiments.
  5. Helps in detecting errors.
  6. Confirms validity in experiments.
27
Q

What’s a Scalar Quantity?

A

Specified by its magnitude = number and unit

28
Q

What’s a Vector Quantity?

A

Quantities that have Direction & Magnitude

Provided by cardinal points and/or angles

29
Q

Resultant Vector:

A

R= A + B + C

30
Q

2 methods to sum vector’s graphically:

A
  1. Parallelogram (2 vectors)
  2. Tail-to-tip (2 or more vectors)
31
Q

What’s Distance?

A

SCALAR QUANTITY (d)

The lenght of the real path followed by an object.

32
Q

What’s Displacement?

A

VECTOR QUANTITY

The Separation in a straight line between 2 points.
v.o and v.f.

33
Q

What’s Speed?

A

S&S — SCALAR QUANTITY

The travelled distance per unit of time.

34
Q

What’s Velocity?

A

V&V — VECTOR QUANTITY

The displacement per unit of time.

35
Q

Instantaneous Speed…

A

Rate of change of Distance over time.

36
Q

Instantaneous Velocity?

A

Rate of Displacement over time.

37
Q

What’s Acceleration?

A

VECTOR QUANTITY

Rate of change of velocity per unit of time.

38
Q

3 Stages of Analyzing Motion of an Object …

A
  1. Position
  2. Velocity
  3. Acceleration
39
Q

Instantaneous Acceleration…

A

How the velocity of an object changes in small time

40
Q

V.V.D.A

S.S.D

A

vector Quantity- Velocity - Displacement - Acceleration

Scalar Quantity- Speed - Distance

matter and energy (3 decks)

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