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Environmental Science 2 > M-Unit 2 Study Guide - Ariculture > Flashcards

M-Unit 2 Study Guide - Ariculture Flashcards

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1
Q

Crops that covers soil to reduce soil erosion and water runoff

A

Cover crops

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2
Q

Agriculture that produces large quantities of plants/animals using lots of energy and resources; uses machinery

A

Industrialized agriculture

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3
Q

The movement of soil from one place to another

A

Topsoil Erosion

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4
Q

Organisms whose genetics have been changed

A

Genetically Modified Organisms

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5
Q

Materials that include animal manure, green manure, and compost as a source of plant nutrients

A

Organic Fertilizers

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6
Q

The variety of animal and plant species used on farms to produce food

A

Agrobiodiversity

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7
Q

Living in hunger that threatens the ability to lead healthy lives; DO NOT know where next meal is coming from

A

Food Insecurity

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8
Q

Production of enough food for a farm family’s survival and extra that can be sold, relies on physical labor

A

Traditional Agriculture

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9
Q

Improvement in the production of varieties of grain (rich, wheat, corn) that can greatly increase crop production this was a result of the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, modern irrigation and reliance on monoculture

A

Green Revolution

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10
Q

These are the major nutrients required for proper plant growth

A

Phosphates & nitrates

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11
Q

The rapid growth of microscopic algae due to an excess of nutrients

A

Algal bloom

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12
Q

Although it is not the most common greenhouse gas, it is one of the strongest

A

Methane

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13
Q

The conversion of land used for agriculture into desert-like land due to the depletion of nutrients

A

Desertification

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14
Q

Amount of carbon compounds emitted

A

Carbon footprint

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15
Q

The fertile layer of money soils; one of the most important of Earth’s natural resources

A

Topsoil

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16
Q

Why is the presence of healthy soil important for food production/agriculture?

A

To grow crops in good condition which will result in quality products

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17
Q

What is all of the ways that carbon cycles through the biosphere

A: Combustion (burning)
B: Evaporation
C: Cellular respiration
D: Decomposition

A

A, C, D

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18
Q

What is all of the ways that nitrogen cycles through the biosphere

A: Combustion (burning
B: Electrical storms
C: Decomposition
D: Runoff of fertilizers

A

B, C, D

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19
Q

What is all of the ways that phosphorus cycles through the biosphere

A: Photosynthesis
B: Cellular respiration
C: Runoff
D: Erosion

A

C, D

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20
Q

Working to maintain soil health is important when thinking about sustainably feeding the population. How does composting help support soil health?

A

Prevents/reduces erosion, reduces runoff and establishes vegetation

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21
Q

Compost usually includes materials such as….

A

Eggshells, fruits and vegetables, straw, etc

22
Q

How has industrialized agriculture impacted soil erosion in recent years?

A: It has decreased soil erosion
B:It has increased soil erosion
C: It has had no impact on soil erosion

A

B

23
Q

What are TWO ways to reduce soil erosion?

A
  1. Replant with vegetation
  2. Cover with mulch
24
Q

How is land use tied to the size of the population?

A: The larger the population the MORE land will be used
B: The larger the population the LESS land will be used

A

A

25
Q

We have been able to produce more _______ than ever before using _______ land than ever before. BUT more land continues to be used as the world’s population grows and develops.

A: Food; less
B Food; more

A

B

26
Q

Which is more effective at sustaining land: monocultures (single crops) or polycultures (wide variety of crops)?

A

Polycultures because it provides a sustainable way to grow a variety of foods on the same piece of land on a much smaller scale.

27
Q

How does industrialized agriculture affect agrobiodiversity?

A: Industrialized agriculture decreases agrobiodiversity
B: Industrialized agriculture increases agrobiodiversity
C: Industrialized agriculture has not effect on agrobiodiversity

A

A

28
Q

What are the three pros to Green Revolution, Industrialized Agriculture, Technology?

A

-Leads of more food production
-Creates a high level of food waste
-Reduces the need for land following

29
Q

What are the three cons to Green Revolution, Industrialized Agriculture, Technology?

A

-Reduces the soil’s quality
-Environmental degradation
-More income inequitable

30
Q

What is DDT?

A

Insecticide

31
Q

What is DDT used for?

A

Agriculture

32
Q

List ONE benefit of synthetic pesticides

A

Helps keep pests out and grow more food

33
Q

List TWO concerns with synthetic pesticides

A

Health pesticides and implement integrated pest management

34
Q

What is an algal bloom?

A

Rapid growth or accumulation of algal populations in freshwater or saltwater systems

35
Q

How are algal caused?

A

When there is a combination of environmental conditions favorable for the aburdant growth

36
Q

What food desert/food insecurity? Choose all that apply.

A: An area that has access to affordable and nutritious food
B: An area that does NOT have access to affordable and nutritious food
C: Living with chronic hunger and/or malnutrition that threatens the ability to lead a healthy life

A

A, C

37
Q

What is food waste?

A

food products that are fit for consumption but are intentionally discarded at the retail or consumption stage

38
Q

Describe at least two ways that food waste can be prevented

A
  1. Create a meal plant
  2. Compost
39
Q

Why does “healthy” food tend to be more expensive?

A

From farms and farmers do mostly all the healthy food work within that they have a lot of work to do

40
Q

List at least two innovations that have the potential to make agriculture more sustainable

A
  1. Soil conservation
  2. Organic fertilizer
41
Q

What is sustainable agriculture?

A

farming ways that meet society’s present food

42
Q

Sustainable agriculture is farming ways that meet society’s present food AND it is better for the environmental sustainability because….

A: It avoids the use of chemical fertilizers
B: It uses little to no hormones or antibiotics on animals
C: It increases crop variety and land productivity
D: All of these

A

D

43
Q

What is a GMO?

A

A species of animals, plant, or bacteria whoes DNA has been modified by genetic

44
Q

How are GMO used in agriculture?

A

Reduces amounts of pesticides that are in the crops

45
Q

The __________ is disappearing day by day to make room for more animal feed-crop production

A: Rocky Mountains
B: Amazon Rainforest
C: Sahara Desert

A

B

46
Q

What other resources are used/consumed through industrialized agriculture?

A

Land, water, energy, etc

47
Q

All types of agriculture alter landscapes, but which type of food production tends to be less invasive than factory farming? These types of food are also less water intensive.

A: Beef
B: Chicken
C: Vegetables

A

B

48
Q

__________ is (are) a major driver of climate change

A: Changes in land
B: Animal agriculture
C: Aquacultures

A

B

49
Q

By enjoying more plant-based foods, we can help crub (select all that apply)

A: Climate change
B: Water contamination
C: The degradation of global landscapes

A

A, C

50
Q

List at least two careers from the agricultural field

A
  1. Farm worker
  2. Mochinhery

Environmental Science 2 (1 decks)

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