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MBIO228 > M exam style questions > Flashcards

M exam style questions Flashcards

1
Q

In Latin, Porifera means

A

Pore bearer

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2
Q

Choanocytes main role is for…

A

Filter feeding.

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3
Q

Pinacocytes are…

A

Plate like cells that line the outside and canals of a sponge

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4
Q

The most simple poriferan body plan is…

A

Asconoid

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5
Q

Homoscleromopha are commonly known as…

A

Encrusting sponges

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6
Q

Demospongiae are…

A

Predominantly Leuconoid

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7
Q

Hexactinelleda have spicules made of…

A

silica, since they are glass sponges

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8
Q

Sponges have…

A

no true tissues

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9
Q

Across the Porifera, skeletal elements can be made of…

A

Silica, spongin or calcite

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10
Q

Which is the most diverse sponge classes…

A

Demospongiae, make up >90% of sponge species

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11
Q

Cephalochordates are…

A

Chordates, since lancelets are a subphyla of chordata

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12
Q

The two invertebrate sub-phyla of chordates are…

A

Urochordates and cephalochordates

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13
Q

Cephalochordates do not have the following feature…

A

Vertebrae

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14
Q

Based on molecular data, the invertebrate group closest to vertebrates are….

A

Urochordates are the closest group to us based on genomic data

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15
Q

Sessile, adult sea squirts would likely belong to the class…

A

Ascidiacea

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16
Q

An adult ascidian does not have a…

A

Notochord, they only have on as larvae

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17
Q

Urochordata have…

A

Bilateral symmetry

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18
Q

Which statement about larvaceans is false, they…

A

They only have a notochord at the larval stage. False, because larvaceans retain the notochord as an adult.

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19
Q

Thaliaceae is a group containing…

A

Salps

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20
Q

sea squirt blood I though to be an unusual green colour due to high levels of…

A

Vanadium, they have cells called vanadocytes whose function remains unclear.

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21
Q

Annelida are commonly referred to as…

A

Segmented worms

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22
Q

Sabellidae belong to…

A

Sedentaria, tube dwelling fan worms

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23
Q

Sipunculid worms are currently viewed as…

A

A group within the Annelida

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24
Q

Turbellarian worms are…

A

Free-living Platyhelminthes, flatworms.

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25
Q

Errantia typically have…

A

A free-living lifestyle, well-developed jaws, well-developed sensory structures, segmented bodies.

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26
Q

Which of the following statements about the Nematoda is false?

A

They have circular and longitudinal muscles. False, because they only have longitudinal muscles.

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27
Q

Riftia and Osedax gain their nutrients primarily through…

A

Bacterial symbionts, in hydrothermal vents.

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28
Q

A nemertean rhynchocoel is primarily involved in…

A

Proboscis Evertion, they have a cavity that holds the introverted proboscis and is involved in it eversion.

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29
Q

The priapulid introvert typically contains…

A

Mouth parts

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30
Q

Which of the following is false about the anoplan worm Lineus longissimus?

A

It has a proboscis with barbed hooks/stylets. False because it’s an anoplan worm so it doesnt have stylets like enoplans, the proboscis is sticky and can have toxins used to paralyse prey.

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31
Q

Molluscs…

A

are the most speciose invertebrate group

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32
Q

Which one of these statements is FALSE about the respiratory system of tusk shells…

A

They get oxygen via their gills. False, because tusk shells lack gills.

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33
Q

Mussels feed by…

A

Filter feeding, where the gills pass food to the labial palms via ciliary motion.

34
Q

Monoplacaphorans are…

A

considered to be primitive living fossils

35
Q

Polyplacophora…

A

have chitons, so they have 8 plates

36
Q

Conchifera does not include…

A

Solenogastres, they don’t have a shell like conchifera

37
Q

Scaphopod is Greek for…

A

Boat foot

38
Q

Certain species of squid can jet propel themselves using water currents generated by muscular contractions of…

A

The mantle, water I drawn in and pushed out of a siphon via contractions of the muscular mantle.

39
Q

The mantle of gastropod sea snails has a primary role in…

A

the secretion of an external calcareous shell. The mantle is also multifunctional, since they don’t have reduced internal shells and they have gills for oxygen diffusion.

40
Q

Limpets…

A

Have tough radular teeth, for scraping algae off rocks. they don’t use gills to feed and don’t have a beak either.

41
Q

Meiofauna are organisms with a size range…

A

45-1000um, smaller than a millimetre but bigger than microorganisms.

42
Q

Gastrotrichs are commonly known as…

A

Hairy bellies

43
Q

What body part plays a main role in adhesion in gastrotrichs…

A

The cement gland, protonephridium for osmoregulation.

44
Q

The mastax in rotifers is primarily involved in…

A

Feeding, with trophi (jaws)

45
Q

Which of the following statements about Loriciferans is false?

A

They cant love under permanent anoxia. False, because the first metazoan can live under permanent anoxia.

46
Q

Kinorhynches do not have…

A

An unsegmented trunk, since they show segmentation.

47
Q

Tardigrades have how many pairs of legs…

A

Water bears have 4 pairs of short, claw-bearing legs.

48
Q

Chateognaths are commonly known as…

A

Arrow worms (look like arrows when swimming through plankton).

49
Q

What is a lophophore…

A

A feeding organ with ciliated tentacles, in the lophophore phyla.

50
Q

Which of the following about bryozoa is false?

A

The anus is located inside the tentacles of the lophophore. False, because the anus is outside the ring of lophophore.

51
Q

What is the key type of cell that all cnidaria possess…

A

Cnidocytes, stinging cells.

52
Q

Cnidarians typically have…

A

None of the above, no specialised systems and a nerve net but no cord.

53
Q

What is the correct order of cell layers from outside to inside in a typical Medusozoan…

A

Epidermis, mesoglea, gastrodermis

54
Q

On a Portugues man o’ war, what is the name of the structure responsible for ingesting food…

A

Gastrozooid, ingests food. The nectophore is for capturing prey the pneumatophore is a gas float for movement. The gonodendron is a floating structure released from the main colony when mature.

55
Q

In Scyphozoa, ephyra are produced by a process called…

A

Strobilation. The strobila polyp stage gives rise to the free swimming ephyra stage.

56
Q

Which of the following is FALSE about Staurozoa? They have…

A

A free-loving medusa stage. False, because they are stalked jellyfish so they have an attached medusa stage only.

57
Q

Sea anemones belong to which taxonomic group?

A

Anthozoa

58
Q

The main driving force of Ctenophore swimming is…

A

Cilia, they have 8 rows of cilia called comb rows which are used for swimming.

59
Q

Cubozoa have…

A

True eyes, can be up to 24 arranged in clusters around the body.

60
Q
  1. Octocorallia are thought to have…
A

Poor nematocysts, thought to be predators but have low numbers of, and poor nematocysts.

61
Q

Echinodermata is derived from the Greek meaning…

A

Spiny skin

62
Q

A ‘typical’ echinoderm would have…

A

A calcareous, mesodermal skeleton enclosed by the epidermis

63
Q

Crinoidea differ from all other echinoderm classes by…

A

having an upward facing mouth

64
Q

Sea lilies are…

A

Crinoids

65
Q

Which of these statements about brittle stars is FALSE. They have…

A

A separate mouth and anus. False, because brittle stars or Ophiuroids only have one opening. Undigested food waste is passed back through the mouth.

66
Q

The ring canal

A

Is a part of the water vascular system, for example, in starfish the water enters the ring Cana, and then goes into the radial canals for the 5 arms.

67
Q

In sea urchins, the test is…

A

A skeleton consisting of fused calcareous ossicles

68
Q

Sea cucumbers can expel some of their internal organs as a defence strategy, this is known as…

A

Evisceration, they can regenerate their digestive systems in as little as three weeks.

69
Q

The ampullae of a sea star

A

Contain water that can be passed into tube feet for locomotion, part of the water vascular system.

70
Q

Echinoidea is the class which contains…

A

Sea urchins

71
Q

A ‘typical’ arthropod would most likely have…

A

a segmented body and jointed limbs

72
Q

Which of these is likely a malacostracan crustacean…

A

crabs

73
Q

Which type of limb are thought to typically provide the main driving force for swimming in gammarid amphipods?

A

Pleopods, the beating of pleopods propels them.

74
Q

Ostracoda…

A

Are largely head, with reduced thorax and abdomen.

75
Q

Barnacles use the following structure for filter feeding…

A

Cirri, specialised thoracic limbs that grab particles out of the water.

76
Q

Pycgnogonida are commonly referred to as…

A

Sea spiders, they are chelicerates

77
Q

Horseshoe crabs belong to which of the following taxonomic groups…

A

Xiphosura, horsehshoe crabs aren’t actually carbs and belong to Malacostraca.

78
Q

Copepod species are…

A

Free-living and parasitic, often found in plankton.

79
Q

The Remipedian body tends to have…

A

Less clear evidence of limb specialisation and can be visually worm-like. These are retained primitive features.

80
Q

Cephalocarida are commonly known as…

A

Horseshoe shrimp.

MBIO228 (20 decks)

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