M: Cardiology

Question 1

what’s cor-pulmonale

Answer 1

Rt HF (Edema) + COPD

Question 2

systolic vs diastolic HF

Answer 2

systolic: can’t expel = low EF
diastolic: can’t relax = norm EF

Question 3

Define HFrEF

Answer 3

EF<40%

Question 4

causes of diastolic HF

Answer 4

Die = DM, HOCM, chronic HTN

Question 5

causes of systolic HF

Answer 5

Dec contractility ischemic, dilated CM,

inc After load (AS)

Question 6

S3 vs S4 heart sound, where?

Answer 6

S3: HF
S4: HOCM (4letters), LVH from HTN

Question 7

mc cause of RHF

Answer 7

left side

Question 8

define NYHA classes

Answer 8

1 ordinary activity + No sx
2 ordinary + sx
3 minimal activity
4 at rest

Question 9

when u see PND and orthopena this is class

Answer 9

4

Question 10

all cardiac Qs, the 1st thing to look at is

Answer 10

BP

Question 11

signs of congestion in left side

Answer 11

pulmonary edema (crackles)

Question 12

signs of congestion in right side

Answer 12

high JVP, ascites, LL edema, Hepatomegally (high AST and ALT)

Question 13

signs of HF

Answer 13

perfusion: low BP, low urine output, s3
Congestion: High jvp w/inspiration (kussmel)

Question 14

disease w/kussaml sign

Answer 14

constrictive pericarditis

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 15

HOCM Murmr

Answer 15

Systolic, increase w/stand &valsalva + s4

Question 16

Medics to avoid in HOCM

Answer 16

Digoxin, nitrate, ace

Question 17

Medics to give in hocm

Answer 17

Bb+ccb

Question 18

Absi is only used in which cardiomyopathy

Answer 18

Only dilated

Question 19

When to order cardiac mri

Answer 19

Restrictve pericarditis

Question 20

If pt is not tolerating hocm medics

Answer 20

Surgical myomectoMy

Question 21

Indications of intracardial defib

Answer 21

Syncope

Family hx of scd or vt/fib

Question 22

Who needs Tee & TTe

Answer 22

Tee: rate control in afib, infective endocarditis
TTe: standard, valvular etc..

Question 23

Maneuver for hocm and mvp

Answer 23

Inc valsalva, and standing
Dec by squatting 
قال المفكر والحكيم اسكت ولا تتفلسف 
اسكت: قل الكلام
تتفلسف: زيادة كلام

Question 24

Maneuver for stenosis (mitral and aortic)

Answer 24

dec by hand grip

Question 25

Manuever for regurges (mitral and aortic)

Answer 25

Incr by hand grip

Question 26

All mitral and aortic

Answer 26

Dec by squatting

Question 27

Surgical approach in aorta and mitral

Answer 27

Aorta: replacement
Mitral: repair “stnosis we do vulvoplasty”