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Positioning - Cranium > M/C questions > Flashcards

M/C questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which positioning landmark is located at the base of the nasal spine?

a. nasion

b. gonion

c. glabella

d. acanthion

A

d. acanthion

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2
Q

Which positioning line extends from the EAM to the outer canthus?

a. OML

b. glabellomeatal

c. acanthiomeatal

d. IOML

A

a. OML

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3
Q

Which positioning landmark is located at the most superior point of the nasal bones?

a. nasion

b. canthus

c. glabella

d. acanthion

A

a. nasion

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4
Q

Which positioning landmark is the smooth elevation that is located between the superciliary arches?

a. nasion

b. glabella

c. acanthion

d. mental point

A

b. glabella

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5
Q

Which positioning landmark is most superior?

a. nasion

b. gonion

c. glabella

d. acanthion

A

c. glabella

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6
Q

Where on the skull is the gonion located?

a. between the orbits

b. on the anterior frontal bone

c. on the posterior occipital bone

d. on the lateroposterior part of the mandible

A

d. on the lateroposterior part of the mandible

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7
Q

Which positioning landmark is located at the anterior portion of the mandible?

a. nasion

b. gonion

c. acanthion

d. mental point

A

d. mental point

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8
Q

The bregma fontanel is located at the junction of which two sutures?

a. coronal and sagittal

b. coronal and squamosal

c. lambdoidal and sagittal

d. lambdoidal and squamosal

A

a. coronal and sagittal

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9
Q

The lambda fontanel is located at the junction of which two sutures?

a. coronal and sagittal

b. coronal and squamosal

c. lambdoidal and sagittal

d. lambdoidal and squamosal

A

c. lambdoidal and sagittal

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10
Q

Which skull classification refers to a typical skull (in terms of width and length)?

a. mesocephalic

b. brachycephalic

c. dolichocephalic

A

a. mesocephalic

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11
Q

Which skull classification refers to a long, narrow skull?

a. mesocephalic

b. brachycephalic

c. dolichocephalic

A

c. dolichocephalic

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12
Q

Which skull classification refers to a short, wide skull?

a. mesocephalic

b. brachycephalic

c. dolichocephalic

A

b. brachycephalic

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13
Q

How many degrees are in the angle formed between the MSP and the petrous pyramids in the mesocephalic skull?

a. 36*

b. 40*

c. 47*

d. 54*

A

c. 47*

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14
Q

How many degrees are in the angle formed between the MSP and the petrous pyramids in the brachycephalic skull?

a. 36*

b. 40*

c. 47*

d. 54*

A

d. 54*

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15
Q

How many degrees are in the angle formed between the MSP and the petrous pyramids in the dolichocephalic skull?

a. 36*

b. 40*

c. 47*

d. 54*

A

b. 40*

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16
Q

Which two positioning lines or planes should be perpendicular to the IR for the PA projection of the skull?

a. OML and MSP

b. OML and IPL

c. IOML and MSP

d. IOML and IPL

A

a. OML and MSP

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17
Q

With reference to the pt, where should the IR be centered for the PA projection of the skull?

a. nasion

b. glabella

c. acanthion

d. mental point

A

a. nasion

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18
Q

With reference to the pt, where should the IR be centered for the lateral projection of the skull?

a. nasion

b. EAM

c. 2” above the EAM

d. 2” below the EAM

A

c. 2” above the EAM

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19
Q

With reference to the IR, how should the IPL and the MSP be positioned for the lateral projection of the skull?

a. IPL parallel; MSP parallel

b. IPL parallel; MSP perpendicular

c. IPL perpendicular; MSP parallel

d. IPL perpendicular; MSP perpendicular

A

c. IPL perpendicular; MSP parallel

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20
Q

For the AP axial projection, Towne method, of the skull, how many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed when the OML is perpendicular to the IR?

a. 30* caudal

b. 30* cephalic

c. 37* caudal

d. 37* cephalic

A

a. 30* caudal

21
Q

For the AP axial projection, Towne method, of the skull, how many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed when the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?

a. 30* caudal

b. 30* cephalic

c. 37* caudal

d. 37* cephalic

A

c. 37* caudal

22
Q

Which positioning line should be parallel with the IR for the SMV projection of the skull?

a. OML

b. glabellomeatal line

c. acanthiomeatal line

d. IOML

A

d. IOML

23
Q

Which projection of the skull can be correctly performed with the CR angled 37*?

a. AP axial, towne method

b. PA axial, Haas method

c. PA axial, caldwell method

d. SMV, schuller method

A

a. AP axial, towne method

24
Q

Which projection of the skull can be correctly performed with the CR angled 15*?

a. SMV

b. AP axial, Towne method

c. PA axial, Haas method

d. PA axial, Caldwell method

A

d. PA axial, Caldwell method

25
Q

Which projection of the skull produces a full basal image of the cranium?

a. lateral

b. AP axial, Towne method

c. PA with perpendicular CR

d. SMV, schuller method

A

d. SMV, schuller method

26
Q

WHich projection of the skull projects the petrous bones in the lower third of the orbits?

a. PA axial, Haas method

b. AP axial, towne method

c. PA axial, caldwell method

d. PA with perpendicular CR

A

c. PA axial, caldwell method

27
Q

Which projection of the skull should be obtained when the frontal bone is of primary interest?

a. PA axial, haas method

b. AP axial, towne method

c. PA axial, caldwell method

d. PA with perpendicular CR

A

d. PA with perpendicular CR

28
Q

A lateral cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the greater wings of the sphenoid and anterior cranial cortices w/o superimposition. One of each structures is demonstrated posterior to the other. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection?

A. Pts head was rotated
B. Pts head was tilted
C. Chin was elevated
D. CR was centered too superiorly

A

A. Pts head was rotated

29
Q

A PA cranial projection obtained with the patients face rotated toward the right side demonstrates:
A. A greater distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on the left side than on the right
B. Greater distance from the crista galli to the lateral cranial cotex on the right side than on the left side
C. Greater distance from the right mandibular ramus to the cervical vertebrae than from the left mandibular ramus to the cervical vertebra
D. Greater distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on the right side than on the left

A

A. A greater distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on the left side than on the right

30
Q

The distance from the posterior clinoid process to the lateral foramen magnum is less on the patient’s left side than on the right side on an AP axial cranium projection (Towne method). To obtain an optimal projection:

A. elevate the patient’s chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR.
B. tuck the patient’s chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR.
C. rotate the patient’s face toward the left side until the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR.
D. rotate the patient’s face toward the right side until the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR.

A

D. rotate the patient’s face toward the right side until the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR.

31
Q

Which of the following pertains to an AP axial cranial projection obtained with the patient’s face rotated toward the left side?

A. The dorsum sellae is demonstrated superior to the foramen magnum.
B. The atlas’s posterior arch is demonstrated within the foramen magnum.
C. The distance from the dorsum sellae to the lateral foramen magnum on the patient’s left side is narrower than on the right side.
D. The distance from the dorsum sellae to the lateral foramen magnum on the patient’s right side is narrower than on the left side.

A

C. The distance from the dorsum sellae to the lateral foramen magnum on the patient’s left side is narrower than on the right side.

32
Q

A lateral cranial projection demonstrates the EAM and inferior cranial cortices w/o superimposition. One of each corresponding structures is demonstrated inferior to the other. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

A. Head was tilted
B. Head was rotated
C. Patients chin was elevated
D. CR was centered too superior

A

A. Head was tilted

33
Q

A lateral cranium projection obtained with the TOP of the patients head tilted away from the IR will demonstrate all of the following except

A. The atlas vertebral foramen
B. Left side greater wing of the sphenoid inferior to the right side greater wing
C. The inferior cranial cortices w/o superimposition
D. The right EAM inferior to the left EAM

A

B. Left side greater wing of the sphenoid inferior to the right side greater wing

34
Q

Which of the following is true of an SMV cranial projection obtained with the vertex of the patient’s head tilted toward the right side?

A. The mandibular mentum will be turned toward the right side.
B. The distance from the left mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the right ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.
C. The mandibular mentum is demonstrated anterior to the ethmoid sinuses.
D. The distance from the right mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the left ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.

A

D. The distance from the right mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the left ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.

35
Q

A parietocanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrating the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses

A. would have been obtained with the patient’s chin elevated more than needed to align the acanthioparietal line perpendicular to the IR.
B. would have been obtain with the patient’s chin insufficiently elevated to align the MML perpendicular to the IR.
C. will require a cephalic central ray angulation if the patient is unable to adjust the chin.
D. would have resulted if the projection was obtained with the patient’s mouth open.

A

B. would have been obtain with the patient’s chin insufficiently elevated to align the MML perpendicular to the IR.

  • TO CORRECT ELEVATE CHIN TILL MML IS PERP TO IR
36
Q

A poorly positioned parietoacanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrates the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

  1. The MML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR.
  2. The patient’s head was rotated toward the left side.
  3. The patient’s chin was tucked more than needed.
  4. The central ray was angled too cephalically.

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 3, and 4 only

A

D. 1, 3, and 4 only

37
Q

An optimally positioned lateral cranium projection demonstrates all the following except

A. an area 2 inches (5 cm) superior to the EAM at the center of the exposure field.
B. superimposition of the greater wings of the sphenoid and orbital roofs.
C. the sella turcica on end.
D. posteroinferior occipital bones and posterior arch of the atlas free of superimposition.

A

D. posteroinferior occipital bones and posterior arch of the atlas free of superimposition.

38
Q

For a parietoacanthial sinus projection (Waters method), the

  1. patient is positioned upright to demonstrate air-fluid levels within the maxillary sinuses.
  2. MML is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
  3. central ray is centered to the acanthion.
  4. OML is at a 37-degree angle with the central ray.

A. 1 and 4 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

39
Q

A patient is unable to elevate the chin enough for a parietoacanthial facial bone projection (Waters method). How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

A. Angle the central ray cephalically.
B. The image cannot be obtained.
C. Align the central ray parallel with the MML.
D. Elevate the patient’s chin as far as possible and use a perpendicular central ray.

A

C. Align the central ray parallel with the MML.

40
Q

A parietoacanthial sinus projection (Waters method) with accurate positioning demonstrates

  1. an equal distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on both sides.
  2. the bony nasal septum in alignment with the long axis of the exposure field.
  3. the petrous ridges demonstrated inferior to the maxillary sinuses.
  4. the ethmoid sinus through the mouth cavity in an open-mouth position.

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 3 and 4 only
C. 1, 2, and 3 only
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

C. 1, 2, and 3 only

41
Q

A patient is unable to hyperextend the neck enough for an SMV cranial projection. How should the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

A. Align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML.
B. Extend the patient’s neck as far as possible and use a perpendicular central ray.
C. Align the central ray perpendicular to the OML.
D. The image cannot be obtained.

A

A. Align the central ray perpendicular to the IOML.

42
Q

A poorly positioned SMV cranial projection demonstrates the mandibular mentum too far anterior to the ethmoid sinuses. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

  1. The patient’s neck was overextended.
  2. The IOML was not aligned parallel with the IR.
  3. The central ray was angled too caudally.
  4. The patient’s head was tilted toward the right side.

A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, and 4 only

A

A. 1 and 2 only

43
Q

An SMV cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the mandibular mentum posterior to the ethmoid sinuses. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

  1. Tilt the patient’s head toward the left side.
  2. Angle the central ray cephalically.
  3. Increase neck extension.
  4. Align the IOML parallel with the IR.

A. 1 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 2, 3, and 4 only

A

C. 3 and 4 only

44
Q

Which of the following is true of an SMV cranial projection obtained with the vertex of the patient’s head tilted toward the right side?

A. The mandibular mentum will be turned toward the right side.
B. The distance from the left mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the right ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.
C. The mandibular mentum is demonstrated anterior to the ethmoid sinuses.
D. The distance from the right mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the left ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.

A

D. The distance from the right mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the left ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.

45
Q

A parietocanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrating the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses

A. would have been obtained with the patient’s chin elevated more than needed to align the acanthioparietal line perpendicular to the IR.
B. would have been obtain with the patient’s chin insufficiently elevated to align the MML perpendicular to the IR.
C. will require a cephalic central ray angulation if the patient is unable to adjust the chin.
D. would have resulted if the projection was obtained with the patient’s mouth open.

A

B. would have been obtain with the patient’s chin insufficiently elevated to align the MML perpendicular to the IR.

46
Q

A poorly positioned parietoacanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrates the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

  1. The MML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR.
  2. The patient’s head was rotated toward the left side.
  3. The patient’s chin was tucked more than needed.
  4. The central ray was angled too cephalically.

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 only
C. 3 and 4 only
D. 1, 3, and 4 only

A

D. 1, 3, and 4 only

47
Q

An acanthioparietal facial bone projection (Waters method) with poor positioning demonstrates the petrous ridges too far inferior to the maxillary sinuses. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?

  1. Depress the patient’s chin.
  2. Align the central ray parallel with the MML.
  3. Align the MML perpendicular to the IR.
  4. Adjust the central ray angulation caudally.

A. 1 and 3 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 4 only
D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

A

D. 1, 2, 3, and 4

48
Q

A less than optimal PA axial cranium projection (Caldwell method) that requires the chin to be elevated to obtain optimal positioning will

A. demonstrate equal distance from the lateral orbital margins to the lateral cranial cortices on both sides.
B. demonstrate the superior orbital fissures within the orbits.
C. demonstrate the petrous ridges and pyramids in the superior half of the orbits.
D. need the IOML to be aligned perpendicular to the IR.

A

C. demonstrate the petrous ridges and pyramids in the superior half of the orbits.

Positioning - Cranium (2 decks)

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