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Meninges, ventricles > m > Flashcards

m Flashcards

1
Q

Layers covering and protecting the brain

A

• Scalp • Skull- bone • Meninges & cerebral spinal fluid – under skull

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2
Q

What are the part of the skulll?

A

• SCALP o Skin o Connective tissue – Tela subcutanea o Aponeurotica- galea aponeurotica o Loose areolar connective tissue o Pericranium- Periosteum- Connective tissue covering calvaria

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3
Q

Muscle of head?

A

• Epicranius muscle Frontalis – frontal belly Occipitalis – occipital belly • Temporalis

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4
Q

What is the skull caps name and sutures ?

A

• Calvaria Coronal Suture -Separates frontal bone from 2 parietal bones Sagittal Suture -Separates parietal bones Lambdoid Suture -Separating the occipital bone (Squamous) suture - Seperates parietal from the temporal bone

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5
Q

What is Wormian Bone?

A

• Intra sutural bones • Extra piece of bone • Commonly seen : Inca bone or preinterparietal bone • Peruvian descent

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6
Q

What are base of the skull and what do they contain?

A

Anterior cranial fossa- frontal lobe Middle cranial fossa- Temporal lobe Posterior- Cerebellum, brainstem- passes through the foramen magnum continuous with SC

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7
Q

Cranial fossae divided by

A

Lesser wing of sphenoid bone separates anterior and middle cranial fossae
Petrous ridge of temporal bone separates the middle and posterior cranial fossae

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8
Q

Brainstem- Dorsal surface

A

¨Midbrain: Corpora quadrigemina, Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi

¨Pons- Superior cerebellar peduncle, Middle cerebellar peduncle, Facial colliculus

Medulla- Inferior cerebellar peduncle, Hypoglossal trigone, Vagal trigone, Obex, Nucleus cuneatus (lateral) & Nucleus gracilis (medial)

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9
Q

Brainstem- ventral surface

A

¨Midbrain: Cerebral peduncles, Interpeduncular fossa

Pons: Middle cerebellar peduncle, Inferior pontine sulcus

Medulla- Pyramid & pyramidal decussation, Ventral median fissure, Inferior olive, Preolivary sulcus, Postolivary sulcus

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10
Q

Dura mater is 2 layers –

A

Periosteal- outer layer, closer to bone
Meningeal- Received blood primary from middle meningeal artery

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11
Q

Area where layers of dura mater is not fused

A

Falx cerebri- Vertical midline partition located in the longitudinal fissure b/w cerebral hemispheres.

Tentorium cerebelli- Separating the superior surface of cerebellum from the inferior surface of the occipital lobes. Forms roof of the posterior fossa Tent shaped. Tentorium and Falx cerebri fuse with one another. Separates the cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum

Dural venous sinuses- Provide openings for blood vessels and nerves
Superior sagittal sinus

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12
Q

Fourth ventricle goes to -

A

Central canal

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13
Q

Epidural hematomas are most commonly caused by the rupture of the:

A

Middle meningeal artery

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14
Q

The dura mater gets its blood supply from the:

A

Middle meningeal artery

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15
Q

What are the names of the apertures that come off of the 4th ventricles?

A

Foramen of Magendie and Foramen of Luschka

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16
Q

The falx cerebrix is a structure associated with the:

A

A. Dura mater

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17
Q

The 4th ventricle communicates or connects with what structure?

A

Subarachnoid cisterns

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18
Q

Middle Meningeal artery travels through what foramen?

A

Foramen Spinosum

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19
Q

Which space(s) or layer(s) is/are considered not “true” space(s)/layer(s) because it/they only show up because of a cranial bleed? Check all that apply

A

B. Subdural space. D. Epidural space

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20
Q

How many horns does the lateral ventricle have?

A

3

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21
Q

The lateral ventricle is connected to the 3rd ventricle by the?

A

Intraventricular foramen

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22
Q

The 4th ventricle is found within what 3 structures of the brain?

A

A. Pons, medulla, and cerebellum

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23
Q

The narrow, slit-shaped 3rd ventricle occupies most of the midline region of the:

A

Diencephalon

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24
Q

What makes up the choroid plexus?

A

Ependymal layer, Pia, Capillaries

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25
Q

Temporal horn is located in ventricle?

A

Lateral ventricle

26
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid produce

A

Produced by: choroid plexus within ventricles itself ~600 ml/day it is in the space of meninges

27
Q

Cisterns

A

areas of increased subarachnoid space containing CSF

28
Q

Cisterna magna

A

Largest

Located: Inferior to cerebellum

29
Q

Lumbar cistern

A

Cauda equina- collection of rootlets and nerves

located: Lumbar puncture- no spinal cord tissue

30
Q

Choroid Plexus

Produces/composed of

A

Produces: CSF in all ventricles

Composed of: Tufts of blood vessels (thin, fenestrated endothelial cells)
Cover with a type of Modified ependymal cells (epithelium)

Joined by tight junctions creating barrier regulating what can pass from the blood in these capillaries into the ventricules this called the CSF barriers
Microvilli

31
Q

CSF is a filtrate of

A

blood ventricular spaces

32
Q

Trabeculae

Granulation

A

Trabeculae - Delicate fibrous threads given off from the inner surface

Granulations - Collection of villi, principal sites of reabsorption of CSF

33
Q

Pia

A

Adheres to cortical surface- following every curve and sulcus, Thin

34
Q

Epidural space (potential)

A

Middle meningeal artery, dura mater receives arterial blood from the middle meningeal artery from foramen spinosum from the external carotid artery, Giving blood supply to meninges

leaves impression on the bone itself

35
Q

Subdural (potential)

A

Area between the dura and arachnoid space
Bridging veins - Connecting to the sinus area draining our blood supply

36
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Majority of Cerebral arteries & veins are transversing to get blood to and from brain, Fill with Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

37
Q

Dura venous sinus are where?

A

Between dura layers

38
Q

Superior sagittal sinus

location, size, contains

A

Location: Extends along superiorly attached border of the falx cerebri,

Sizes: increasing in size as it progresses posteriorly

Contains: venous lacunae

39
Q

Straight sinus

A

Runs post. And infer. In the line of attachment of the falx cerebri and tentorium

40
Q

Transverse sinus

A

Runs along the post., attached border of the tentorium cerebelli

41
Q

Confluence of sinuses

A

Located at the internal occipital protuberance
Superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus are meeting

42
Q

Dural Venous Sinuses drain into the

A

Internal Jugular Vein, this is how we get blood supply draining from our cerebrum

43
Q

Meninges of spinal cord

A

Same 3 meningeal layers, filled with a cushion layer of fat, continues beyond inferior end of spinal cord, filum terminale continuous with pia mater

44
Q

Filum terminale

A

continuous with pia mater

45
Q

Epidural space (describe brain vs spinal cord)

A

Epidural space - brain potential

Spinal cord - epidural space is an actual space and filled with fatty cushion layer in spinal cord

46
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

Epidural hematoma

A

Epidural hematoma, Rupture of middle meningeal artery, Bleeding between dura and the bone, Dura separates from skull

47
Q

Intercranial Hemorrhage

Subdural hematoma

A

Rupture of bridging veins- veins from subachronoid space transverse through sinus areas, Arachnoid separates from dura

48
Q

Intercranial Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

49
Q

Intercranial Hemorrhage

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A

Intracerebral Hemorrhage

50
Q

What are ventricles?

A

Interconnected Spaces within the brain – ventricles formed from lumen neural cavity inside neural tube, Filled with CSF

51
Q

Left and right ventricles

A

there are 4 different regions

Frontal horn
Body
Occipital horn
Temporal horn

52
Q

Interventricular foramen

A

connects lateral ventricles to the third

53
Q

Third ventricle

A

Can go from the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle via the interventicular forearm

54
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Connects third ventricle with the fourth ventricle

55
Q

Fourth ventricle

A

Roof of the fourth ventricle is Cerebellum

56
Q

Central Canal

A
57
Q

CSF can only have a volume of :

A

~ 150-250 ml total volume of CSF

58
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid produced in

A

Lateral, third and fourth ventricles

59
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid reabsorbed (drains) by

A

Arachnoid Villi into superior sagittal sinus

60
Q
A
61
Q

What is the layers of the brain

A

. Scalp- Skin, Connective tissue – Tela subcutanea , Aponeurotica- galea aponeurotica, Loose areolar connective tissue , Pericranium- Periosteum

  1. Epidural space- Potential space between periosteum of inner surface of skull and dura, MMA
  2. Dura mater – periosteal, meningeal layer, falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, Dural venous sinuses, superior sagittal sinus
  3. Subdural space- Space between dura mater and arachnoid, contains bridging veins and cranial venous sinusesMMA
  4. Arachnoid mater- granulations , trabeculae, adheres to the dura
  5. Subarachnoid space- filled with CSF
  6. Pia mater- adheres to brain

Meninges, ventricles (1 decks)

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