M 3.1 Flashcards
Isoniazid (INH)
antitubercular agent
- inhibits call-wall biosynthesis by interfering with lipid and DNA synthesis
- hepatic problems
Rifampin (RIF)
antitubercular agent
- inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by binding to beta subunit, which in turn blocks RNA transcription; potent enzyme inducer
- hepatic problems
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
antitubercular agent
- Unknow action; bacteriostaic or -cidal for mycobacterium
- hepatic damage can occur
Ethambutol (Myambutol)
antitubercular agents
- Interferes with metabolite produciton in mycobacterium
- optic neuritis / hypersensitivity
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
vitamin
-used to help alleviate symptoms of neuritis caused by isoniazid (INH) therapy for tuberculosis
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
bronchodilator/andrenergics- Beta Agonist
- Strong beta1- and moderate beta2-adrenergic effects, resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
- watch for angina or arrhythmias, respiratory difficulties
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
bronchodilator/andrenergic-beta agonist
-beta-2 receptor agonist with some beta-1 activity
used for acute bronchospasm, severe bronchospasm, and exercise induced bronchospasm
- watch for tachycardia
Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
bronchodilator/ andrenergic- beta agonist
-Beta-2 receptor agonist with some beta-1 activity relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
may increase BS levels, cardiovascualr disorders used in caution
Metaproterenol Sulfate (Alupent)
bronchodilator/andrenergic- beta agonist
-beta-2 receptor agonist with some beta-1 activity; stimulation of beta2 receptors may result in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
watch for hypokalemia, patients with heart conditions, reports of cramps may increase serum glucose
Tiotropium (Spiriva)
anticholinergics,
- long acting, antimuscarinic agent, often referred to as an anticholinergic
- inhibits M3-receptors at the smooth muscle leading to bronchodilation
- lactose allergy!!
Salmeterol (serevent)
beta-2 agonist
-long acting beta-2 agonist; action on beta-2 receptors relaxes bronchial smooth muscle with little effect on heart rate
-50 times more selective than albuterol
RISK of Asthma related DEATH, cardiovascular disorders
Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
bronchodilator/anticholinergic
- anticholinergic agent; inhibits vagally mediated reflexes by antagonizing acetylcholine action; prevents increase intracellular calcium concentration which is caused by interaction of acetylcholine with muscarinic receptors on the bronchial smooth muscle
- used for maitenance therapy not rescue
Theopylline
bronchodilator/methylxanthines
- methylxanthine, directly relaxes smooth muscles of respiratory tract
- watch for hypersensitivity, active peptic ulcer disease, underlying uncontrolled seizure disorder
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
bronchodilator/leukotriene receptor antagonist
- inhibits bronchoconstriction as competitive receptor antagonist of leukotrienes D4 and E4; receptor occupation and cysteinyl leukotriene production has been associated with the pathophysiology of asthma
- watch for hepatic impairment, status asthmaticus
Montelukast (Singulair)
bronchodilator/ leukotriene receptor antagonist
-blocks binding of leukotrine D4 to its receptor; alters pathophysiology associated with the inflammatory process that contributes to the signs and symptoms of asthma
watch for not for asthma attacks hypersensitivity
Robitussin (guaifenesin)
expectorants
- reduces viscosity of secretions by increasing amount of respiratory tract fluid
- do not use as self medication in chronic or persistent coughs
Mucomyst (acetylcysteine)
mucolytics/pulmonary
- mucolytic activity through its sulfhydryl group, which opens up disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins and lowers mucous viscosity of pulmonary secretions.
- increased volume of bronchial secretions after adminitration, monitor asthma patients closely
Cromolyn sodium (intal)
miscellaneous steroids/ mast cell stabalizer
- inhibits release of histamine, leukotrienes, and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from mast cell by inhibiting degranulation following exposure to reactive antigens
- watch for hypersensitivity/ acute asthma attack
Methylprednisone (Solu-Medrol)
steroid; corticosteroid; anti-inflammatory agent
- glucocorticoid; controls or prevents inflammation by controlling rate of protien synthesis, suppressing migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and fibroblasts, reversing capillary permeability, and stabilizing lysosomes at cellular level
- watch for cirrhosis, ocular herpes, hypertension, diverticulitis, hypothyroidism, myasthenia gravis, peptic ulcer disease, osteoporosis, renal insufficiency, diabetes
Fluticasone (flovent)
corticosteroid, inhalent
-antiinflammatory corticosteroid; exact mechanism of action unknown but shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect on neutrophils, eosinophils, machrophages, mast cells, lymphcytes, and mediators (histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines and eicosanoids)
hypersensitivity, may result in anaphylaxis from milk, angioedema,
Triamcinolone (Azmacort)
corticosteroids, inhalent
-glucocorticoid; anti-inflammatory, precise mechanism of action unknown
-effective local steroid activity with minimal systemic effects
must be used regularly not PRN
chicken pox or measles serious or FAtal course
Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
antihistamine
-histamine H1-receptor antagonist of effector cells in respiratory tract, blood vessels, and GI smooth muscle
-moderate to high anticholinergic and antimetic properties
sleepiness, lowers respiratory tract diseases, such as acute asthma
Allegra (fexofenadine)
antihistamines 2nd generation
-H1 histamine receptor antagonist; major metabolite of terfenadine
watch for severe renal impairment
Claritin (loratadine)
antihistamine 2nd gen
-long acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine H1-receptor antagonist activity
use with caution in hepatic impairment and renal impairment
