M 21

Question 1

Classical conditioning

Answer 1

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (US) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Learning

Answer 2

A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience.

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not (2)

Question 4

Unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 4

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salvation when food is in the mouth

Question 5

Unconditioned stimulus (Us)

Answer 5

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response

Question 6

Conditioned response (cr)

Answer 6

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral ( but now conditioned) stimulus (cs).

Question 7

Conditioned stimulus (cs)

Answer 7

In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (us), comes to trigger a conditioned response

Question 8

Acquisition

Answer 8

The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response

Question 9

Extinction

Answer 9

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (us) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (cs)

Question 10

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 10

The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response

Question 11

Generalization

Answer 11

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned response

Question 13

Associative learning

Answer 13

Learning that certain events (2 stimuli, in classical conditioning) occur together