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Information Assurance and Security > M > Flashcards

M Flashcards

1
Q

this stands for malicious software. it is designed to gain access to a computer without the consent of the user

A

malware

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2
Q

they perform unwanted tasks in the host computer for the benefit of a third party

A

malware

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3
Q

special type of malware used for forced advertising. supported by the organizations whose products are advertised

A

adware

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4
Q

malicious software downloaded along with the free software on the internet and installed in the computer without the user’s knowledge.

A

browser hijacking software

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5
Q

this modifies the browsers setting and redirect links to other unintentional sites

A

browser hijacking software

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6
Q

installed in the target computer with or without the user permission and is designed to steal sensitive information from the target machine

A

spyware

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7
Q

this is a malicious code written to damage/harm the computer by deleting or appending a file, occupying memory space through code replication, slow down the performance of the computer, format the computer, etc…

A

virus

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8
Q

true or false: virus can be spread via email attachment, pen drives, digital images, e-greeting, audio, or video clips

A

true

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9
Q

true or false: a virus may be present in a computer but it cannot activate itself without human intervention or when the executable file (.exe) is executed

A

true

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10
Q

this virus can replicate itself and doesn’t need human intervention to travel over the network and spread from the infected machine to the whole network; can spread through the network, using the loopholes of the OS or via email

A

worms

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11
Q

the replication and spreading of the ____ over the network consume the network resources like space and bandwidth and force the network to choke

A

worm

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12
Q

this is a malicious code that is installed in the computer by pretending to be useful software. this not only damages the computer but also creates a backdoor in the computer so it can be controlled by a remote computer

A

trojan horse

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13
Q

this can become part of botnet (robot-network) or a network of computers infected by malicious code and controlled by a central controller

A

trojan horse

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14
Q

the computers infected by trojan horse are known as

A

zombies

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15
Q

true or false: trojans neither infect other computers in the network nor do they replicate

A

true

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16
Q

networks of hijacked computer devices used to carry out various scams and cyberattacks. these automate mass attacks, such as data theft, server crashing, and malware distribution

A

botnet

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17
Q

botnet is formed using two words

A

robot and network

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18
Q

while surfing the internet, suddenly a pop-up alert appears in the screen which warns the presence of dangerous virus, spyware, etc., and urges the user to download the full paid version of the software to fix the problem

A

scareware

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19
Q

as the user downloads the malicious code, their computer is held hostage until the ransom is paid. the malicious code can neither be uninstalled nor used until the ransom is paid

A

scareware

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20
Q

when was the internet born

A

1960’s; access is limited to scientists, researchers, and the defense only

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21
Q

when was the internet launched to the public

A

1996

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22
Q

this is used to describe an unlawful activity in which computer or computing devices, such as smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants are used as a tool for criminal activity

A

cyber crime

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23
Q

this is often committed by the people of destructive and criminal mindset, either for revenge, greed or adventure

A

cyber crime

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24
Q

an attack to the network or computer by some person with authorized system access

A

insider attack

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25
Q

performed by dissatisfied or unhappy inside employees or contractors; motivation can be revenger or greed

A

insider attack

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26
Q

true or false: it is easy for an insider to perform a cyber attack as he is well aware of the policies, processes, IT architecture, and wellness of the security system

A

true

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27
Q

the insider attack could be prevented by planning and installing an _________ (IDS) in the organization

A

intrusion detection systems

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28
Q

the attacker is either hired by an insider or an external entity to the organization

A

external attack

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29
Q

cyber attacks can be classified as?

A

structure attacks and unstructured attacks base don the level of maturity of the attacker

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30
Q

generally performed by amateurs who don’t have any predefined motives to perform the cyber attack; they test a tool available on the internet on the network of a random company

A

unstructured attacks

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31
Q

performed by highly skilled and experienced people and the motives are clear in their mind; use tools that can’t be noticed by intrusion detection systems

A

structure attack

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32
Q

true or false: cyber crimes have turned out to be low investment, low-risk business with huge returns

A

true

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33
Q

people are motivated towards committing cyber crime to make quick and easy money

A

money

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34
Q

some people try to take revenge with other person/organizations/society/or religion by defaming its reputation or bringing economical or physical loss; comes under the category of cyber terrorism

A

revenge

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35
Q

one can have pride if they hack highly secured networks like defense sites or networks

A

recognition

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36
Q

the anonymity that a cyber space provides motivate cyber crimes; it is easier to get away with criminal activity in cyber space than the real word

A

anonymity

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37
Q

the government itself is involved in cyber trespassing to keep eye on other person/network/country; the reason could be politically, economically, or socially motivated

A

cyber espionage

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38
Q

this is an act of stalking, harassing or threatening someone using internet/computer as a medium; this is often done to defame a person using the internet as it offers anonymity; behavior includes false accusations, threats, sexual exploitation to minors, monitoring, etc…

A

cyber stalking

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39
Q

an act of possessing image or video of a minor (under 18) engaged in sexual conduct

A

child pornography

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40
Q

use of computer to forge or counterfeit a document

A

forgery and counterfeiting

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41
Q

true or false: because of the internet, it is possible to produce counterfeit that matches the original document to such an extent that it is not possible to judge the authenticity of the document without expert judgement

A

true

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41
Q

this is an illegal reproduction and distribution for personal use or business. it comes under crime related to IPR infringement

A

software piracy and crime related to IPRs

42
Q

it is defined as the use of computer resources to intimidate or coerce government, the civilian population in furtherance of political or social objectives

A

cyber terrorism

43
Q

process of acquiring personal and sensitive information (identity theft) of an individual via email by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication

A

phishing

44
Q

if a telephone is used as a medium for identity theft, it is known as _______

A

Vishing

45
Q

This uses SMS to lure customers or steal their personal information

A

Smishing

46
Q

the act of physical destroying computer resources using physical force or malicious code

A

computer vandalism

47
Q

practice of modifying computer hardware and software to accomplish a goal outside the creator’s original purpose

A

computer hacking

48
Q

persons who hack the system to find security vulnerabilities of a system and notify to the organizations so that a preventive action can be taken to protect the system from outside hackers; may be paid employee of an organization or a freelancer

A

white hat

49
Q

white hat are popularly known as

A

ethical hackers

50
Q

hack the system with ill intentions. they find security loopholes and exploit the system for personal or organizational benefits until the organization who’s hacked apply security patches

A

black hat

51
Q

black hat hackers are popularly known as

A

crackers

52
Q

they find out security vulnerabilities and report to the site administrators and offer the fix of the security bug for a consultancy fee

A

grey hat

53
Q

someone outside computer security consulting firms who bug-test a system prior to its launch, looking for exploits so they can be closed

A

blue hat

54
Q

true or false: the organization can sue the hacker, if found, for the sum of more than or equivalent to the loss borne by the organization

A

true

55
Q

sending of unsolicited and commercial bulk message over the internet is known as

A

spamming

56
Q

the email is not targeted to one particular person but to a large number of people

A

mass mailing

57
Q

the real identity of the person is not known

(spamming)

A

anonymity

57
Q

the email is neither expected nor requested for the recipient

A

unsolicited

58
Q

an activity involving injecting a malicious client side script into a trusted website. the information gained can be used for financial benefits or physical access to a system for personal interest

A

cross-site scripting

59
Q

cyber criminals lure the customers to online auction fraud schemes which often lead to either overpayment of the product or the item is never delivered once the payment is made

A

online auction fraud

60
Q

malicious code inserted into legitimate software, in which the malicious action is triggered by some specific condition. this can either destroy the information stored in the system or make system unusable

A

logic bombs

60
Q

an act reserving the domain names of someone else’s trademark with intent to sell it afterwards to the organization who is the owner of the trademark at a higher price

A

cyber squatting

61
Q

hacker gains access to a website of an organization and either blocks it or modify it to serve political, economical, or social interest

A

web jacking

62
Q

examples of web jacking

A

educational institutes were hacked by pakistani hackers and an animation which contains pakistani flags were flashed in the homepage of these websites
indian hackers hacked website of pakistani railways and flashed indian flag for several hours on the occasion of independencce day of india in 2014

63
Q

hacking the username and password of ISP of an individual and surfing the internet at his cost

A

internet time theft

64
Q

a cyber attack in which the network is chocked and often collapsed by flooding it with useless traffic and thus preventing the legitimate network traffic

A

denial of service attack

65
Q

an attack which proceeds with small increments and finally add up to lead to a major attack, like gaining access to online banking of an individual and withdrawing small amounts unnoticed by the owner

A

salami attack

66
Q

a practice of changing the data before its entry into the computer system.

A

data diddling

67
Q

DA or the basic salary of the person is changed in the payroll data of an individual for pay calculation. once the salary is calculated and transferred to his account, the total salary is replaced by his actual salary in the report

A

data diddling

68
Q

a process of changing the header information of an email so that its original source is not identified and it appears to an individual at the receiving end that the email has been originated from source other than the original source

A

email spoofing

69
Q

a process of identifying an individual and ensuring that the individual is the same who he/she claims to be.

A

authentication

70
Q

what is the typical method for authentication over the internet

A

username and password

71
Q

it is a password which can be used one time only and is sent to the user as an SMS or an email at the mobile number/email address that they have specified during the registration process

A

one time password

72
Q

this is a known two-factor authentication method and requires two type of evidence to authenticate an individual to provide an extra layer of security for authentication

A

one time password

73
Q

biometric data and physical token are examples of

A

two-way authentication/two-factor authentication

74
Q

the process of giving access to an individual to certain resources based on the credentials of an individual is known as

A

authorization

75
Q

this combines both the username and password along with hardware security measures like biometric system

A

hybrid authentication system

76
Q

a method to provide secure access via hybrid security authentication to the company network over the internet

A

Virtual Private Network (VPN)

77
Q

a technique to convert the data in unreadable form before transmitting it over the internet

A

encryption

78
Q

a technique to lock the data by converting it to complex codes using mathematical algorithms

A

encryption

79
Q

the decoding of the complex code to original text using key is known as

A

decryption

80
Q

if the same key is used to lock and unlock the data, it is known as

A

symmetric key encryption

81
Q

the key used to encrypt and decrypt data are different; every user possess two keys: public and private key

A

asymmetric key encryption

82
Q

provide a situational example of asymmetric encryption

A

A will encrypt the message using B’s public key, as the public key is known to everyone. Once the message is encrypted, the message can safely be sent over to B through the internet. As soon as the message is received by B, he will use his private key to decrypt the message and regenerate the original message

83
Q

a technique to validate data and is also used for authentication; this is created by encrypting the data with the private key of the sender, then the encrypted data is attached with the original message. the receiver can decrypt the signature with the public key of the sender, then if the decrypted message is same with the original message, the data is not tampered and the authenticity of the sender is verified

A

digital signatures

84
Q

a special program designed to protect the system against virus. it not only prevents the malicious code to enter the system but also detects and destroys the malicious code that is installed into the system

A

antivirus

85
Q

a hardware/software which acts as a shield between an organization’s network and the internet and protects it from threats like virus, malware, hackers, etc.; it limits the people who can have access to your network

A

firewall

86
Q

example of hardware firewalls

A

routers

87
Q

firewalls installed on the server and client machines and acts as a gateway to the organization’s network

A

software firewalls

88
Q

true or false: the firewalls can be configured to follow rules and policies and based on these defined rules the firewalls can follow the following filtering mechanisms

A

true

89
Q

all the outbound traffic is routed through these for monitoring and controlling the packet that are routed out of the organization

A

proxy

90
Q

based on the rules defined in the policies, each packet is filtered by their type, port information, source, and destination information. for example. ip address, domain names, port numbers, protocols

A

packet filtering

91
Q

the outgoing/incoming packets are judged based on defined characteristics only instead of going through all the field of a packet

A

stateful inspection

92
Q

a technique of hiding secret messages in a document file, image file, and program or protocol, such that embedded message is invisible and can be retrieved using special software

A

steganography

93
Q

this is a fundamental system in case of a mishap where data is inadvertently lost or corrupted from original system

A

data recovery

94
Q

only changed or newly added data is backed up subsequently after the last full or incremental backup; recovery is made with the help of last full backup and all incremental backups performed everyday from the date of last full backup

A

incremental backup

95
Q

data is backed up on a full-scale and recovered back from the same

A

full back up

96
Q

this defines the threshold limits of a system in terms of time needed to restore an application and allowable limit of data loss

A

recovery time objective and recovery point objective

97
Q

only changed or newly added data is backed up after last full or differential backup but changes made in the previous differential backup are updated in the next differential backup

A

differential backup

98
Q

aob means

A

age of backup

99
Q

speeds at which data is backed up and restored

A

time taken to backup and time taken to recover

100
Q

measured in terms of cost for infrastructure, operations, and maintenance

A

total cost of ownership

Information Assurance and Security (4 decks)

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