Lytes

Question 0

Rx of hypermagn when cardiac toxicity present

Answer 0

Calcium bc mg is blocking the calcium

Question 1

Hypermagnesemia symptoms

Answer 1

Nause vomiting ileus
Depressed reflexes
Decrease parasympathetic tone dilated pupils
Paralysis apnea resp depression 
Bradycardia
pR and QT prolongation
Hypotension
VFib and bradycardia arrest

Question 2

Rta with high urine pH
Autoimmune diseases
Ampho, lithium, ifosfamide
Nephrocalcinosis

Answer 2

Type I distal

Requires 5-15 mEq/kg/day

Question 3

Fanconi is what type of RTA

Answer 3

Proximal type II

Question 4

Lupus associates RTA

Answer 4

Type IV

Also type I with high K

Question 5

Renal loss of magnesium

What drugs

Answer 5

Amino glycosides
Ampho
Cisplatin
Pentamidine
CSA
Egf antibodies
Loop and thiazides

Question 6

Type of RTA associated with ifos

Answer 6

Type I distal RTA

Or type II !!!!

Question 7

RTA associated w sjogrens

Answer 7

Type I RTA.

Question 8

Needle shaped crystals
Substance abuse
Low K
Positive uag

Answer 8

Hippurate intoxication from glue sniffing
Hippurate crystals are needle shaped
Hippurate acts as non re absorbable anion in CCD causing hypokalemia

Question 9

Hypokalemic metaboli alkalosis
Hypertension
Family history

Answer 9

Liddle’s syndrome

Question 10

Mutation in Liddle’s

Answer 10

Carboxyl tail of either b or y subunit of eNac

Question 11

Urinary calcium in gitelman’s

Answer 11

Low urinary calcium/cr <0.1mg/mg

Increased urinary K CL Na

Question 12

Batters urinary electrolytes

Answer 12

Urinary ca/cr >0.4mg/mg

Increases in Na K Cl

Question 13

Licorice

Answer 13

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hypertension
Inhibits 11b OHsteroid dehydrogenase type II allowing cortisol to act as mineralocorticoid
Urinary K Na CL increased

Question 14

Vomiting

Answer 14

Increased renal k secretion
Due to hco3 acting as a non-reabsorbable ion.
Urine pH will be alkaline as a result of NaHCO3 excretion

Question 15

Post hypercapneic metabolic alkalosis

Answer 15

Elevated pCO2 that is rapidly corrected

Question 16

Ticaracillin

Answer 16

Non-re absorbable anion excreted as a salt(Na). Increased Na delivery distally causes k secretion from increased lumen electronegativity. Volume contracted state - high aldo- k secretion. Distal H secretion leads to metabolic alkalosis but urine pH reflects the H ion secretion