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Surgical Skills > Lynn > Flashcards

Lynn Flashcards

1
Q

What four forces can act on a fracture? What do they result in?

A

Bending - angulation
Torsion - rotation
Compression - shear and collapse
Tension - distraction

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2
Q

When you bend a bone what forces do you create?

A

tension on one side and compression on the other side.

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3
Q

When you bend a bone what forces do you create?

A

tension on one side and compression on the other side.

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4
Q

What is an avulsion?

A

a fracture caused by tension

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5
Q

kicking chip of cortex

A

saucer fracture

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6
Q

transverse fracture forces

A

bending torsion and compression

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7
Q

transverse fracture forces

A

bending torsion and compression

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8
Q

forces on a oblique fracture

A

bending torsion compression

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9
Q

what is a long oblique?

A

twice as long as diameter of bone

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10
Q

what is a long oblique?

A

twice as long as diameter of bone

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11
Q

what is overriding?

A

proximal displacement of the distal fragment

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12
Q

what do you call it when fractures make a point?

A

apex - caudal cranial medial etc.

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13
Q

what do you call it when fractures make a point?

A

apex - caudal cranial medial etc.

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14
Q

What is the difference between external coaptation and external fixation?

A

fixation is bone splinting and surgical.

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15
Q

is casting good for bending? what about torsion? compression? tension?

A

good for bending, ok for torsion

poor at compression and tension.

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16
Q

where can you never use a cast?

A

femur, humerus or pelvis since cast will end at fracture site

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17
Q

where can you never use a cast?

A

femur, humerus or pelvis since cast will end at fracture site
OR in a very small dainty dog

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18
Q

biggest problem of casting ?

A

rub sores

19
Q

when would you use a cast? 6

A
  • well aligned transverse fractures
  • fractures that are stabilized by the ulna/tibia/metacarpals
  • greenstick in young animals
  • ligament and tendon injuries
  • temporary support/ support for surgical repair
  • to immobilize and protect surrounding soft tissue
20
Q

when would you use a cast? 6

A
  • well aligned transverse fractures
  • fractures that are stabilized by the ulna/tibia/metacarpals
  • greenstick in young animals
  • ligament and tendon injuries
  • temporary support/ support for surgical repair
  • to immobilize and protect surrounding soft tissue
21
Q

what kind of splint is better at stabilizing the elbow joint?

A

spica - up the side

22
Q

what kind of splint is better at stabilizing the elbow joint?

A

spica - up the side

23
Q

When do you internally stabilize a wound?

A
  • If a joint surface needs very strong holding
  • comminuted fractures
  • avulsion fractures
24
Q

What forces can IM combat?

A

bending only!!

25
Q

How can you treat a femoral fracture through the growth plate?

A

IM pin - natural jag will prevent the torsion force.

26
Q

Which bones are good to IM pin?

A

humerus and alecranon

27
Q

Which bones are BAD to IM pin?

A

Radius

28
Q

When do you internally stabilize a wound?

A
  • If a joint surface needs very strong holding
  • comminuted fractures
  • open wounds
  • avulsion fractures
29
Q

Which bones are good to IM pin?

A

humerus, femur, pelvis and alecranon

30
Q

Which bones are BAD to IM pin?

A

Radius/philanges

31
Q

How can pins be designed to reduce torsion?

A

threads that increase contact with cortical bone. These threads will form scar tissue though which is weaker so don’t use across fracture spot.

32
Q

When is cercleage wiring a good technique?

A

long oblique fractures

33
Q

for an extensive fracture, what is required with an IM pin?

A

anatomic repair

34
Q

for an extensive fracture, what is required with an IM pin?

A

anatomic repair

35
Q

How much of the medullary should a IM take up?

A

60%

36
Q

Do you need to anatomically reconstruct when using a interlocking nail repair?

A

no

37
Q

Can you fix a radial fracture with interlocking nail? What can you fix with interlocking nail?

A

no! only femur, humerus and tibia

38
Q

Where can you use cross pins? do they prevent bending?

A

no! and physeal fractures/metaphyseal fractures.

39
Q

What forces to cerclage wiring control?

A

torsion compression and tension but NOT bending. Remember to always use two wires.

40
Q

What forces to cerclage wiring control?

A

torsion compression and tension but NOT bending. Remember to always use two wires.

41
Q

Acrylic vs rod/clamp connecting bars?

A

you can adjust rod/clamp but they have to be straight lines

42
Q

Acrylic vs rod/clamp connecting bars?

A

you can adjust rod/clamp but they have to be straight lines

43
Q

Which forces do bone plates control?

A

all of them. you can use JUST the screws but these do not control bending

44
Q

When can you not use a bone plate?

A

when the break is right at the end of a bone

Surgical Skills (4 decks)

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