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Haematology > Lymphomas/leukaemias > Flashcards

Lymphomas/leukaemias Flashcards

1
Q

t(8;21) and inv16

A

Acute myeloid leukemia
Favorable

RUNX1/RUNX1T1
RUNX1 is a transcription factor that regulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature blood cells.
RUNX1T1
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative zinc finger transcription factor and oncoprotein. In acute myeloid leukemia, especially in the M2 subtype, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is one of the most frequent karyotypic abnormalities. The translocation produces a chimeric gene made up of the 5’-region of the RUNX1 gene fused to the 3’-region of this gene. The chimeric protein is thought to associate with the nuclear corepressor/histone deacetylase complex to block hematopoietic differentiation.

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2
Q

t(15;17)

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

In APL, there is an abnormal accumulation of immature granulocytes called promyelocytes. The disease is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα or RARA) gene and is distinguished from other forms of AML by its responsiveness to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA; also known as tretinoin) therapy.

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3
Q

13q deletion

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Favorable

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4
Q

t(9;22)

A

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Philadelphia Chromosome, also in ALL, AML

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5
Q

t(14;18)

A

Follicular (non-Hodgkin’s) lymphoma

The translocation involves the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain joining (JH) region gene on chromosome 14 and the BCL2 gene on chromosome 18, resulting in dysregulated expression of the BCL2 gene.

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6
Q

t(11;14)

A

Mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), comprising about 6% of NHL cases.

MCL is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma, due to CD5 positive antigen-naive pregerminal center B-cell within the mantle zone that surrounds normal germinal center follicles. MCL cells generally over-express cyclin D1 due to a t(11:14) chromosomal translocation in the DNA.

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7
Q

t(11;18)

A

MALT lymphoma

MALT lymphoma (MALToma) is a form of lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), frequently of the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can be afflicted. It is a cancer originating from B cells in the marginal zone of the MALT, and is also called extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma.

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8
Q

del5q

A

Acute myeloid leukemia

Poor

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9
Q

BCL-6

A

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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10
Q

t(8;14)

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma
c-myc (chromosome 8)

Burkitt lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, particularly B lymphocytes found in the germinal center. It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, a surgeon who first described the disease in 1958 while working in equatorial Africa.

The most common variant is t(8;14)(q24;q32), which accounts for about 85% of cases. This involves c-myc and IGH. A variant of this, a three-way translocation, t(8;14;18), has also been identified.

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11
Q

17p deletion

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Poor

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12
Q

Richter transformation

A

CLL

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13
Q

Itching after shower

A

PV

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14
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma factor

A

C-MYC

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15
Q

Marginal Zone Lymphoma Translocation

A

11;18

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16
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Factor

A

Cyclin-D

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17
Q

Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment

A

Cladribine

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18
Q

ALL secondary translocation

A

9;22

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19
Q

Lytic Bone lesions and cutaneous lesions

A

Adult T cell lymphoma

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20
Q

Leukemia in Kids (everything else older/adult)

A

ALL

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21
Q

Starry Sky

A

Burkitt Lymphoma

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22
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Marker

A

CD5

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23
Q

Follicular Lymhpoma Marker

A

CD20

24
Q

> 10% Plasma cells in BM

A

Multiple Myeloma

25
Q

Basophils high

A

CML

26
Q

Waxing and Waning

A

Follicular Lymphoma

27
Q

APL Treatment

A

Vitamin A

28
Q

MM Ig

A

IgA IgG

29
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

30
Q

What are auer rods?

A

Auer rods are red staining, needle-like bodies seen in the cytoplasm of myeloblasts, and/or progranulocytes in certain leukemias. Auer rods (see arrow in image) are cytoplasmic inclusions which result from an abnormal fusion of the primary (azurophilic) granules.

31
Q

Hodgkins Lymphoma Marker

A

CD15/CD30

32
Q

Follicular Lymphoma Tx

A

Rituximab

33
Q

Follicular Lymphoma Translocation

A

14;18

34
Q

Follicular Lymphoma Factor

A

BCL2

35
Q

< 10% Plasma cells in BM

A

Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

36
Q

AML Stain

A

Myeloperoxidase

37
Q

Mantle Cell Lymphoma Translocation

A

11;14

38
Q

Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Ig

A

IgM

39
Q

Teardrop cell

A

Myelofibrosis

40
Q

CLL/SLL Marker

A

CD20/CD23/CD5

41
Q

Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma Marker

A

CD20

42
Q

CML translocation

A

9;22

43
Q

ALL Marker

A

Tdt Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase

44
Q

Cerebriform Nuclei

A

Sezary Syndrome
( cerebriform nuclei refers to convoluted (“brain-like”) cell nuclei, such as the nuclei seen in T-cells in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia)

45
Q

Dry tap; splenomegaly; pancytopenia; no lymphadenopathy

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

46
Q

CNS and Testes Spread

A

ALL

47
Q

Tartrate Resistant Acid phosphatase +

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

48
Q

ALL Translocation

A

12;21

49
Q

Smudge cells

A

CLL

50
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

CLL

51
Q

Adult T cell Lymphoma Cause

A

HTLV

52
Q

Associated with Downs

A

ALL

53
Q

Burkitt Lymphoma Translocation

A

8;14

54
Q

Mediastinal Mass (SVC syndrome)

A

T-ALL

55
Q

Diffuse Large B Cell Factor

A

BCL2/BCL6

56
Q

APL Translocation

A

15;17

57
Q

What’s a richter transformation?

A

Richter’s syndrome (RS), also known as Richter’s transformation, is a transformation which occurs in about 5-10% of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia into a fast-growing diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is refractory to treatment and carries a bad prognosis.

Haematology (5 decks)

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