lymphomas and leukemias Flashcards
hypercalcemia
bone pain (especially back pain)
anemia
Multiple myeloma
monoclonal plasma cell that produces large amounts of Ig (normally IgG)
most common primary tumor arising in bone in people greater than 40 yo.
associated with: Bence Jones Proten (Ig light chains in the urine)
and Rouleaux formation (RBCs stacked on blood smear)
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma
c-myc and heavy-chain Ig
starry sky appearance
tingible body macrophages
EBV
most common type of NHL in adults
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
alterations in Bcl-2 and Bcl-6
Aids defining illness with a T-cell count < 400
CD19, CD20
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma
BCL-2
presents with a painless waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
adults
t(11;14)
Mantle cell lymphoma
Adult males
cyclin D1
very aggressive- pts usually present with late-stage disease
t(11;18)
Marginal zzone lymphoma
adults
chronic inflammation
Sjorgren syndrome, chronic gastritis
MALT tissue
adults present with:
cutaneous lesions
hypercalcemia
lytic bone lesions
Adult T-cell lymphoma
common in Japan, West Africa, and caribbean
caused by HTLV
cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
skin patches/plaques
atypical CD4+ cells with cerebriform nucli
Mycosis fungoides
TdT+
kids
>20% blast cells
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
associated with downsyndrome- t(12;21)
good prognosis
>60 years old
most common adult leukemia
smudge cells
CLL
CD20, CD23, CD5
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Richter transformation- CLL can transform into an aggressive DLBCL
Auer rods
myeloperoxidase +
t(15;17)
AML
median onset is 65
DIC
treat with ATRA (vitamin A)
t(9;22)- Philadelphia chromosome
CML
dysregulated production of mature and maturing granulocytes
may transform to AML or ALL
very low LAP
tx: imatinib (bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
itching after a hot shower
erythomelalgia (severe burning/pain in extremities)
low EPO
polycythemia vera
increased number of platelets
Essential thrombocythemia
bone marrow with fibrosis
Myelofibrosis
increasesd fibroblast activity
teardrop RBC’s
