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Path Lymphomas and Leukemias > Lymphoma and Leukemia > Flashcards

Lymphoma and Leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

Burkitt’s Lymphoma is B or T cell?

A

B cell

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2
Q

Burkitt’s cells mark with CD what?

A

19 and 20

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3
Q

What kind of pattern does Burkitt’s stain?

A

Starry sky pattern and has macrophages.

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4
Q

Where is Burkitt’s lymhpoma found in the body?

A

Extranodal (it rarely begins in the lymph nodes)

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5
Q

CD 3,4,5,8

A

T cells

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6
Q

CD 19/20

A

B cells

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7
Q

CD 34

A

Stem cells

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8
Q

CD 45

A

All leukocytes

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9
Q

Associated with Burkitt’s

A

EBV

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10
Q

What does the 8:14 translocation (t 8:14) cause in Burkitt’s Lymphoma?

A

Proliferation of c-myc (a transcription factor) and activation of IgH.

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11
Q

C-myc is an _____

A

Oncogene

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12
Q

List two mechanisms that create chromosomal abnormalities in lymphomas and leukemias.

A

1) Activation of oncogenes.

2) Deactivation of anti-oncogenes.

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13
Q

Where does Burkitt’s present?

A

Jaw

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14
Q

Clinical presentations of Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

(1) Pel-Ebstein Fever with night sweats.
(2) Pruritis.
(3) Painless lymphadenopathy except may be painful after drinking alcohol.

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15
Q

Pel-Ebstein Fever

A

Cyclic fever associated with Hodgkins Lymphoma; high temp for a few days then back to normal.

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16
Q

How does Hodgkins Lymphoma present?

A

Cervical and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

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17
Q

Describe the spread of disease in HL.

A

The disease spreads to continuous lymph nodes in an orderly manner, and gets to the spleen last.

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18
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cells

A

Cells found in the lymph nodes of people with HL.

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19
Q

Most common type of HL

A

Nodular Sclerosis type

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20
Q

This type of lymphoma is stage I/II and commonly found in young adults and women

A

Nodular sclerosis type HL

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21
Q

This type of HL is found in older men over the age of 50 and is Stage III/IV

A

Mixed cellularity type of HL

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22
Q

Two types of HL

A

1) Nodular sclerosis type

2) Mixed cellularity type

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23
Q

Malignant cell in HL

A

Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell

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24
Q

Found mostly in RS cells

A

Epstein Bar viral genome

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25
Q

Hodgkins and RS cells are what type?

A

B cells

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26
Q

Cells in HL label with what marker?

A

CD 15

27
Q

Lacunar cells

A

A type of RS cell found only in nodular sclerosis type HL

28
Q

Look at slide 39 for a pic of the RS cell

A

Do it!

29
Q

Cells found in nodular sclerosis HL

A

Lacunar cells with bands of collagen.

30
Q

Cells in mixed-cellularity type HL

A

RS cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils.

31
Q

T/F: Hodgkins Lymphoma can skip a node during its progression.

A

False: HL does NOT skip any nodes, unlike non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

32
Q

Oral manifestations of Lymphoma

A

Involves the palate, tonsils, and Waldeyer’s ring.

33
Q

Waldeyer’s Ring

A

An interrupted circle of protective lymphoid tissue at the upper ends of the respiratory and alimentary tracts.

34
Q

Stage I HL

A

one lymph node or one group of lymph nodes.

35
Q

Stage II

A

2 or more lymph nodes on the same side of the diaphragm.

36
Q

Stage III

A

Lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm.

37
Q

Stage IV

A

One or more non-nodal organs involved.

38
Q

Cells found in acute leukemia.

A

Blasts/immature/undifferentiated cells.

39
Q

Where does acute leukemia spread?

A

Liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and sometimes meningeal infiltration.

40
Q

Occurs in acute leukemia because bone marrow cells suppress normal hematopoiesis.

A

Anemia and thrombocytopenia.

41
Q

Acute leukemia

A

Have lots of immature lymphocytes in your bone marrow.

42
Q

How to test for acute leukemia?

A

Bone marrow aspiration.

43
Q

Clinical signs of Acute Myelocytic Leukemia (AML)

A

Bleeding gums and petechiae.

Fatigue, fever, skin palor.

44
Q

Non-intraoral sign of acute myelocytic leukemia.

A

Hepatosplenomegaly (swollen spleen and liver).

45
Q

Why do the gums bleed in AML?

A

Because so many blasts in the bone marrow cause thrombocytopenia, so there isn’t enough blood clotting factors made, such as thrombin.

46
Q

Percentage of blasts in bone marrow for AML?

A

30%

47
Q

Normal percentage of blasts in the bone marrow?

A

3%

48
Q

Enzyme found in primary granules.

A

Myeloperoxidase

49
Q

Stain to test for AML.

A

Stain for Myeloperoxidase.

50
Q

These are seen in AML with Granulocytic maturation in the peripheral blood.

A

Auer rods.

51
Q

How many blasts are seen in normal blood?

A

Zero

52
Q

Often seen in a smear of AML.

A

Auer rods

53
Q

Most common leukemia in the US.

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

54
Q

Average onset age for CLL.

A

60 (mostly men).

55
Q

Found in smear of CLL.

A

Smudge cells.

56
Q

CLL cells mark with what?

A

19 and 20, a 5 (a T cell marker).

57
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Inhibit bone resorption by osteoclasts - so it’s used as treatment for multiple myeloma.

58
Q

CRAB

A

HyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions are symptoms of multiple myeloma.

59
Q

What are amyloids?

A

They are light chain depositions that can be found in the kidney.

60
Q

Staining for amyloids.

A

Congo Red Stain - turns apple green when polarized.

61
Q

Primary amyloidosis

A

A plasma cell neoplasm derived from a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain.

62
Q

Oral manifestations of amyloidosis.

A

Grossly enlarged tongues.

63
Q

Describe Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinema.

A

A type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma where the body makes a lot of IgM (macroglobulin) and causes hyperviscosity, mostly seen in the eye.

64
Q

Reynaud’s phenomena

A

Due to obstruction of small blood vessels, shutting down circulation to some areas. Causes color changes in the body.

Path Lymphomas and Leukemias (1 decks)

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