Lymphoma

Question 1

Define Lymphomas

Answer 1

Hodgkins and non Hodgkins

Hodgkins-uncommon malignancy from B cells in solid state
Non-hodgkins-many disease with characteristics of lineage (B or T cell)-can be hard to differentiate with Lymphocytic Leukemia (only depends if circulating or solid state)

Question 2

Risk factors and aetiology of Lymphomas

Answer 2

NHL-EBV, AIDS, HCV,
autoimmune disorders

HL-unclear but suggestive of infectious aetiology
EBV, genetic

Question 3

Epidiemology of Lymphomas

Answer 3

HL is uncommon-1000 cases a year-2.7 in 100000

NHL-7th most common cancer-
diffuse large cell most common

Question 4

Signs and Sx of Lymphoma

Answer 4

NHL:
typical Hx-B symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats)
Painless enlarging of lymph nodes

Less common-malaise, SOB, cough, and tons more

HL-
Painful Nodes after alcohol ingestion
Reed-sternberg cells
B symptoms
less common-pruritus, SOB, superior vena cava obstruction

Question 5

Investigations of Lymphomas

Answer 5

FBC, smear-

HL-low Hb, WBC high or low
Biopsy of node-reed Sternberg cells
Immunohistochemisty

NHL-thombocytopenia, pancytopenia, lymphocytosis
Smear-nucleated RBC, left shift