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Haematology Week 3 > Lymphoma > Flashcards

Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common presentation of lymphoma?

A

A painless, enlarged lymph node

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2
Q

What are some symptoms other than lymphadenopathy that both HL and NHL can present with?

A

Night sweats, weight loss, fever, fatigue

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3
Q

What are some features other than lymphadenopathy that a HL may be more likely to present with?

A

Itch without rash, alcohol induced pain (where the affected lymph node is)

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4
Q

Which people suffering from lymphoma tend to present with more generalised symptoms rather than a specific lump?

A

People whose lymphoma affects deep nodes which cannot be felt

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5
Q

What investigation is required to diagnose a lymphoma?

A

Lymph node biopsy (ideally a whole sample)

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6
Q

What investigation can be useful to determine the spread of a lymphoma?

A

CT scan

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7
Q

How will the consistency of a lymphoma lymphadenopathy be different from that of an infection or metastatic disease?

A

It will be rubbery/smooth (not hard)

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8
Q

What type of lymphoma can be described as ‘nodular sclerosing’?

A

Hodgkin’s

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9
Q

What cells present on histology are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

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10
Q

After taking a biopsy for histology, what investigation is used to confirm a lymphoma and help to sub-classify it?

A

Immunohistochemistry

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11
Q

On immunohistochemistry, CD20+ cells are seen in what type of lymphoma?

A

Follicular NHL

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12
Q

On immunohistochemistry, CD30+ Reed Sternberg cells are seen in what type of lymphoma?

A

HL

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13
Q

Immunophenotyping is useful in the diagnosis of what type of lymphomas? Give an example.

A

Lymphomas present in the marrow e.g. Burkitt’s

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14
Q

Specific patterns of chromosomal abnormalities are seen in certain lymphomas. What cytogenetic analysis can be used to assess these?

A

G banding or FISH

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15
Q

A translocation between chromosomes 14 and 18 is seen in which type of lymphoma?

A

Follicular NHL

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16
Q

A translocation between chromosomes 11 and 14 is seen in which type of lymphoma?

A

Mantle cell NHL

17
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be split into what two types? Which is the most common? Which has a poorer prognosis?

A

B cell and T cell / B cell / T cell

18
Q

The B cell subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be further divided into what two types? Describe the difference between the two?

A

High grade - fast growing but very responsive to treatment / low grade -slow growing but not curable

19
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a subtype of which class of lymphoma? What is clinically significant about this type?

A

B cell NHL - it is very aggressive and grows very rapidly, it requires more intensive treatment

20
Q

Mantle cell lymphoma is a subtype of which class of lymphoma? What is clinically significant about this type?

A

B cell NHL - under the microscope cells are mature and look low grade however they actually behave badly and are incurable

21
Q

Marginal zone lymphoma is a subtype of which class of lymphoma? What is clinically significant about this type?

A

NHL - very slowly changing, can live for years without treatment

22
Q

The aetiology of Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be associated with what?

A

EBV infection

23
Q

When does Hodgkin’s lymphoma tend to present?

A

Has two main peaks of incidence in the 3rd and 7th decades

24
Q

What are some potential signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Anaemia and splenomegaly

25
Q

How should Hodgkin’s lymphoma be treated? What is its prognosis like?

A

Chemotherapy/radiotherapy or both / good prognosis, cures around 80% of patients

26
Q

The aetiology of NHL can be associated with what?

A

Immunodeficiency (congenital or acquired)

27
Q

Which type of lymphoma is most likely to present with extranodal disease?

A

NHL

28
Q

What is the treatment for low grade NHLs?

A

May not require any treatment if not symptomatic, radiotherapy can be used in localised disease

29
Q

What is the treatment for high grade NHLs?

A

RCHOP chemotherapy or rituximab if CD20+

30
Q

Burkitt’s lymphoma is a subtype of NHL which is more likely to present with extranodal disease. Where is disease likely to occur in a) endemic disease in Africa? b) sporadic form?

A

a) Jaw b) Abdomen

31
Q

How is Burkitt’s lymphoma treated?

A

Chemotherapy

32
Q

What is significant about chemotherapy treatment for Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

It tends to produce a rapid response which can result in tumour lysis syndrome

33
Q

What actually is a lymphoma?

A

A solid tumour of lymphoid tissue

34
Q

What is the median age of onset for NHL?

A

55-60

35
Q

What type of lymphoma can be described as having a ‘starry sky’ appearance on blood film?

A

Burkitt’s lymohoma

36
Q

A translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 is seen in which type of lymphoma?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Haematology Week 3 (9 decks)

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