Lymphoma Flashcards
What is Lymphoma?
Cancer of the lymphocytes within the lymphatic system
Excessive proliferation leads to lumps in the lymph nodes
Can be Hodgkins or Non Hodgkins
What is Hodgkins Lymphoma?
Common in people aged 20-75
Presence of reed sternberg cells
What are the risk factors for HL?
HIV EBV RA Sarcoidosis Family History
What are the symptoms of HL?
Lymphadenopathy
- often affects cervical lymph nodes
- rubber and non tender
B symptoms
- weight loss
- night sweats
- bone pain
- fatigue
Itching Coughing SoB Abdo pain Recurrent infections
What investigations are needed for HL?
Bloods
- FBC= neutropenia
- LDH= raised (non specific)
Lymph node biopsy= gold standard
- presence of reed sternberg cells
- multinucleated large B cells
CT/MRI/PET scan to look for mets
What is the management of HL?
Chemo/radiotherapy to induce remission
Normally successful but risk of relapse, other haematological cancers and SE of medication
What are the different types of HL and their prognosis?
Lymphocyte predominant= best prognosis
Lymphocyte depleted= worst prognosis
Nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity have good prognosis
What is NHL?
More common in people aged 70
No reed sternberg cells
What are the symptoms of NHL?
Same as HL Can also get -dysphagia -dyspepsia -abdo pain -nerve palsies
Extranodal disease is more common
What are the risk factors of NHL?
EBV HIV Hep B or C SLE Sjogrens Exposure to pesticides
What investigations are needed NHL?
Same as HL but lymph node biopsy shows absence of reed sternberg cells
What is the management of NHL?
Watchful waiting, chemotherapy and radiotherapy
How is Lymphoma staged?
Stage 1- one lymph node affected
Stage 2- >1 lymph node affected but on same side of diaphragm
Stage 3- Nodal involvement both sides of diaphragm
Stage 4- extra nodal involvement
Can be A or B
-B indicated presence of B symptoms