Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Lymphoma?

A

Cancer of the lymphocytes within the lymphatic system

Excessive proliferation leads to lumps in the lymph nodes

Can be Hodgkins or Non Hodgkins

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2
Q

What is Hodgkins Lymphoma?

A

Common in people aged 20-75

Presence of reed sternberg cells

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for HL?

A
HIV
EBV
RA
Sarcoidosis 
Family History
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of HL?

A

Lymphadenopathy

  • often affects cervical lymph nodes
  • rubber and non tender

B symptoms

  • weight loss
  • night sweats
  • bone pain
  • fatigue
Itching
Coughing
SoB
Abdo pain
Recurrent infections
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5
Q

What investigations are needed for HL?

A

Bloods

  • FBC= neutropenia
  • LDH= raised (non specific)

Lymph node biopsy= gold standard

  • presence of reed sternberg cells
  • multinucleated large B cells

CT/MRI/PET scan to look for mets

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6
Q

What is the management of HL?

A

Chemo/radiotherapy to induce remission

Normally successful but risk of relapse, other haematological cancers and SE of medication

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7
Q

What are the different types of HL and their prognosis?

A

Lymphocyte predominant= best prognosis
Lymphocyte depleted= worst prognosis
Nodular sclerosing and mixed cellularity have good prognosis

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8
Q

What is NHL?

A

More common in people aged 70

No reed sternberg cells

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of NHL?

A
Same as HL
Can also get
-dysphagia
-dyspepsia
-abdo pain
-nerve palsies

Extranodal disease is more common

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10
Q

What are the risk factors of NHL?

A
EBV
HIV
Hep B or C
SLE
Sjogrens
Exposure to pesticides
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11
Q

What investigations are needed NHL?

A

Same as HL but lymph node biopsy shows absence of reed sternberg cells

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12
Q

What is the management of NHL?

A

Watchful waiting, chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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13
Q

How is Lymphoma staged?

A

Stage 1- one lymph node affected
Stage 2- >1 lymph node affected but on same side of diaphragm
Stage 3- Nodal involvement both sides of diaphragm
Stage 4- extra nodal involvement

Can be A or B
-B indicated presence of B symptoms

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