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SA Pathology > Lymphoid Path > Flashcards

Lymphoid Path Flashcards

1
Q

Thymus structure

A 
develops from pharyngeal pouches 3+4
Lymphoepithelial origin (2 types of cells): lymphocytes and epithelial cells
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2
Q

Thymus function

A

Cortex: T-cell development and maturation (precursors from BM)
Medulla: antigen presentation
Induction of self tolerance (thymic ed)

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3
Q

Decreased thymic size

A

hypoplasia, atrophy

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4
Q

increased thymic size

A

lymphoma, thymoma, branchial cysts, hematoma

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5
Q

Thymic Hypoplasia

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID):

  1. defective function but mature cells (bassets, corgis)
  2. inability to generate lymphocytes (jack russell)
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6
Q

Thymic atrophy

A

involution: normal aging
Lympholysis: viral, steroid induced, nutritional, toxic

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7
Q

Why is thymic hypoplasia and lymphiod atrophy important?

A

IMMUNOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION

vague signs, difficult to diagnose

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8
Q

Increase in thymic size consequence

A

affect on adjacent structures, becomes space occupying lesion
CS: Dyspnea, cough, regurgitation, edema, swollen head/neck, chylothorax

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9
Q

Thymoma

A

Derived from epithelial component of thymus
May contain NORMAL lymphocytes, can outnumber neoplastic cells
Adult animals: 8-10yr
Metastasis and invasion is NOT common. Space-occupying

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10
Q

Paraneoplastic syndrome

A

Commonly associated with thymomas

Acquired autoimmune disorders: myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, megaesophagus, exfoliative dermatitis

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11
Q

Thymic lymphoma

A

tumor of lymphocytes/lymphoblasts
Usually T-cell
Aggressive, invasive

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12
Q

Feline thymic lymphoma

A

especially important in young, FeLV+
2-3yr old
Usually no other organ involvement except BM

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13
Q

Thymic branchial cysts

A

developmental disorder, slow growing

cysts contain mucoserous fluid, lined by ciliated, columnar epithelial cells

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14
Q

Thymic hemorrhage/hematoma

A

D/t trauma or bleeding disorders (rodenticides)

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15
Q

Lymph node structure

A

Dynamic! cells and fluid constantly moving
Node structure changes depending on immune status
Cortex: follicles are B-cell, paracortex is T-cell

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16
Q

LN function

A

defensive barriers
Filtration of lymph from dependent areas
localization of immune response

17
Q

Ddx for lymphadenomegaly

A

Hyperplasia (reactive)
Inflammation (lymphadenitis)
Neoplasia (lymphoma, metastatic)

18
Q

LN hyperplasia

A

proliferation d/t antigenic stimulation
Lesions: Arcitecture of node maintained, fish flesh tan and homogenous
Large immature lymphoblasts and small mature lymphocytes +/- increased plasma cells and/or macrophages

19
Q

Causes LN hyperplasia

A 
Salmon poisoning (neorickettsia helmenthoeca)
FIV
20
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Lesions: swollen, grey-red, more likely engorged and painful
Micro: hyperplasia + inflammatory cells and fibrin (neuts and macros)
Affected node involved in process, not just draining affected site

21
Q

Spleen function

A

Host immune response
Fultration of unwanted elements from blood via phagocytosis
Hematopoiesis, life long source of lymphocytes and macros
Reserve blood storage

22
Q

Reasons to remove spleen?

A

Rupture, torsion, neoplasia, symptomatic splenomegaly, +/- immune-med disease

23
Q

Spleen neoplasia

A 
Hemangiosarcoma
Lymphoma
leiomyosarcoma
hemangioma
mast cell tumor (cats)
Mets
24
Q

Vascular dz spleen

A

Hematoma (can mimic hemangiosarc), congestion, infarct (acute vs, chronic)

25
Q

Other splenic changes

A

nodular hyperplasia, diffuse hyperplasia, splenitis

26
Q

Splenic congestion

A

pentobarbital, heart failure, portal hypertension, splenic torsion
Diffuse increased size
Engorged, exudes blood on cut surface

27
Q

Nodular hyperplasia spleen

A

nodular, red or tan
hyperplastic lymphoid elements plus congestion
mimics hemangiosarc

28
Q

Spleen diffuse hyperplasia

A

activation of spleen to remove abnormal or opsonized cells (RBCs), or microbes from circulation
extramedullary hematopoeisis = regenerative response

29
Q

Splenic rupture

A

Acute: fatal internal hemorrhage
Chronic: healing which may produce notches, fissures, divisions, accessory spleens

30
Q

Siderotic plaques

A

in DOGS
very common senile change on the capsule
Incidental finding!

31
Q

Accessory/ectopic spleens

A

Cats

can be indistinguishable from seeding of peritoneum by metastatic hemangiosarc

32
Q

Canine Lymphoma

A

Multicentric 80%
majority of animals with solid tumors don’t have detectable neoplastic cells in circulation
Causes effacement of normal architecture

33
Q

Feline lymphoma

A

very common, most common neoplasm of cats
associated often with FeLV
Alimentary most common

SA Pathology (2 decks)

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