Lymphoid and Myeloid Disorders

Question 1

What is acute leukaemia?

Answer 1

Proliferation of primitive precursor cells without differentiation
Replaces normal bone marrow cells causing anaemia, neutropenia, bone pain

Question 2

How is leukaemia classified?

Answer 2

Chronic or acute
Lymphoid or myeloid

Chronic lymphatic leukaemia or chronic myeloid leukaemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia

Question 3

What is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?

Answer 3

Malignant proliferation of lymphoblasts in bone marrow

Question 4

Who does ALL affect and what is prognosis?

Answer 4

Mainly children - good prognosis

poor prognosis in adult

Question 5

Tx ALL

Answer 5

Induction, consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy

Bone marrow transplant - if relapse

Question 6

What is acute myeloid leukaemia?

Answer 6

Malignant proliferation of myeloblast in bone marrow?

Question 7

Who does AML affect and what is prognosis?

Answer 7

Mainly adult - poor prognosis

Most pt relapse

Question 8

Tx AML?

Answer 8

Cyclic high dose chemo

Sometimes bone marrow transplant

Question 9

What is chronic lymphatic leukaemia?

Answer 9

Proliferation of mature lymphocytes (B cells)

Most common

Question 10

Who does CLL affect and prognosis?

Answer 10

Elderly - good prognosis

Question 11

Tx CLL?

Answer 11

Only advanced disease

Question 12

How does CLL present?

Answer 12

Anaemia, infection, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly

Question 13

What is chronic myeloid leukaemia and what causes it?

Answer 13

Gradual onset resulting high white cell count and splenomegaly
Mutation in philadelphia chromosome - translocation (T9;22)
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase +ve

Question 14

Tx CML?

Answer 14

Imatinib - block abnormal BCR-ABL activity

Stem cell transplant

Question 15

What is myelodysplasia?

Answer 15

Premalignant condition of haemopoietic precursors

Can transfer AML

Question 16

How does myelodysplasia present?

Answer 16

Asymptomatic

Or: anaemia, thormbocytopenia

Question 17

Types of lymphoma

Answer 17

Hodgkin and non-hodgkin

Question 18

What is Hodgkin lymphoma and how does it present?

Answer 18

Painless lymphadenopathy

May have sweat, weight loss and fever

Question 19

How diagnose Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 19

Reed-Sternburg cell

Question 20

Tx Hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 20

Chemo, radiotherapy

Stem cell transplantation

Question 21

What is non-hodgkin lymphoma?

Answer 21

Can be low grade (follicular lymphoma) or high grade (diffuse large cell lymphoma)

Question 22

How does low grade NHL present and tx?

Answer 22

Gradual onet
May be asymtomatic
Tx: chemo, radiotherapy and transplantation

Question 23

How does aggressive NHL present and tx?

Answer 23

Progress rapidly and symptomatic

Tx: chemo, radiotherapy and transplant

Question 24

Give example of myeloproliferative disorder?

Answer 24

Chronic myeloid leukaemia - white cell proliferation

Polycytheamia - red cell proliferation

Question 25

What is thrombocytosis?

Answer 25

Malignant proliferation of megakaryocytic - cause bleeding, infection, malignany
High platelet level

Question 26

What is multiple myeloma?

Answer 26

Malignant proliferating of plasma cell in bone marrow

Plasma cells diff B lymphocytes that produce Igs