Lymphoid and Myeloid Disorders Flashcards
What is acute leukaemia?
Proliferation of primitive precursor cells without differentiation
Replaces normal bone marrow cells causing anaemia, neutropenia, bone pain
How is leukaemia classified?
Chronic or acute
Lymphoid or myeloid
Chronic lymphatic leukaemia or chronic myeloid leukaemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myeloid leukaemia
What is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia?
Malignant proliferation of lymphoblasts in bone marrow
Who does ALL affect and what is prognosis?
Mainly children - good prognosis
poor prognosis in adult
Tx ALL
Induction, consolidation and maintenance chemotherapy
Bone marrow transplant - if relapse
What is acute myeloid leukaemia?
Malignant proliferation of myeloblast in bone marrow?
Who does AML affect and what is prognosis?
Mainly adult - poor prognosis
Most pt relapse
Tx AML?
Cyclic high dose chemo
Sometimes bone marrow transplant
What is chronic lymphatic leukaemia?
Proliferation of mature lymphocytes (B cells)
Most common
Who does CLL affect and prognosis?
Elderly - good prognosis
Tx CLL?
Only advanced disease
How does CLL present?
Anaemia, infection, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly
What is chronic myeloid leukaemia and what causes it?
Gradual onset resulting high white cell count and splenomegaly
Mutation in philadelphia chromosome - translocation (T9;22)
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase +ve
Tx CML?
Imatinib - block abnormal BCR-ABL activity
Stem cell transplant
What is myelodysplasia?
Premalignant condition of haemopoietic precursors
Can transfer AML
How does myelodysplasia present?
Asymptomatic
Or: anaemia, thormbocytopenia
Types of lymphoma
Hodgkin and non-hodgkin
What is Hodgkin lymphoma and how does it present?
Painless lymphadenopathy
May have sweat, weight loss and fever
How diagnose Hodgkin lymphoma?
Reed-Sternburg cell
Tx Hodgkin lymphoma?
Chemo, radiotherapy
Stem cell transplantation
What is non-hodgkin lymphoma?
Can be low grade (follicular lymphoma) or high grade (diffuse large cell lymphoma)
How does low grade NHL present and tx?
Gradual onet
May be asymtomatic
Tx: chemo, radiotherapy and transplantation
How does aggressive NHL present and tx?
Progress rapidly and symptomatic
Tx: chemo, radiotherapy and transplant
Give example of myeloproliferative disorder?
Chronic myeloid leukaemia - white cell proliferation
Polycytheamia - red cell proliferation
What is thrombocytosis?
Malignant proliferation of megakaryocytic - cause bleeding, infection, malignany
High platelet level
What is multiple myeloma?
Malignant proliferating of plasma cell in bone marrow
Plasma cells diff B lymphocytes that produce Igs
