Lymphocytes and adaptive immunity Flashcards
which cells are involved in adaptive response?
- T cells
- B cells
what sort of adaptive response do B cells produce?
Humoral response
what sort of adaptive response do T lymphocytes produce?
cell-mediated response
what are the hallmarks of adaptive immunity?
- Specificity
- the ability to identify and respond to specific threats
-provided by a vast range of unique T and B cells - memory
the ability to remember encounters with pathogens for a prolonged time providing rapid protection to subsequent threats (rapid expansion in response to secondary encounters)
How do B cells and T cells achieve adaptive immunity?
Specialised receptors on the cell surface membrane that is unique to each B or T cell produced:
1. B cell receptors (BCR)
2. T cell receptors (TCR)
How are BCR and TCR unique?
They differ in:
1. the genetic sequences that encode them
2. the antigens they recognise
The genes encoding BCR allows up 10e14 unique sequences and the genes encoding TCR allow up to 10e15 unique sequences
how do T cells and B cell receptor genes create diversity?
EG TCRA and TCRB encode heterodimeric TRCalpha beta
is the abundance or number of b cells greater
abundance
how many B or T cells respond to a foreign pathogen initially?
very few sometimes 1 as the abundance is greater than the amount of B/T cells in the body
So adaptive system has networks of organs, structures and vessels
What is an activated B cell called?
antigen selected antibody secreting B cells that aid antigen elimination
Types of activated T cells?
- Antigen-selected T cells secrete cytokines that activate B and killer T cells
- Killer T cells kill infected cells
When do T cells start killing infected cells
- antigens
- cytokines by other T cells
Which T cell are antigen selected?
T Helper cells
