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Lymphatics term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

creating RBCs

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2
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

granulocyte (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)

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3
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

platelets

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4
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

lymphocytes (T and B cells) - ADAPTIVE

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5
Q

Foetus 0-2 months

A

yolk sac

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6
Q

Foetus 2-7 months

A

liver and spleen

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7
Q

Proliferation neutrophil pool stage (ProNP) 1

A

Myeloblast, Progranulocyte, Myelocyte

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8
Q

Maturation neutrophil pool (MatNP) 2

A

Metamyelocyte, band neutrophil, segmented neutrophil

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9
Q

final stage (storage neutrophil pool) SNP

A

released into marrow sinusoids

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10
Q

CNP (circulating neutrophil pool)

A

neutrophils not mature - sampled during blood collection

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11
Q

MNP (marginated neutrophil pool)

A

ready to exit circulation and migrate into tissues - tissue neutrophil pool

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12
Q

monopoiesis

A

stem cell to monocyte/macrophage

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13
Q

MALT

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

SCF

A

stem cell factor

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15
Q

adaptive immune system

A

B and T cells

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16
Q

innate immune system

A

basophils, neutrophils, monocyte, platelets, RBCs

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17
Q

B cells

A

bone marrow - plasma cells

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18
Q

T cells

A

thymus - CD8 killer or CD4 helper

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19
Q

maturation pathway

A

gene rearrangement, lineage commitment, education and functional maturation

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20
Q

B cell

A

Naive proteins, antibodies

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21
Q

T cells

A

degraded proteins bound by MHC, cytokines

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22
Q

antibody chain

A

Light VJC heavy VDJC

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23
Q

T cell receptor

A

alpha VJC beta VDJC

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24
Q

T cells - mutation or class switch?

A

no somatic mutation no class switch

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25
Q

B cells - mutation or class switch?

A

Both do

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26
Q

B lineage

A

to immunoglobulin genes

27
Q

T lineage

A

to T cell receptor genes

28
Q

MHC I

29
Q

MHC II

30
Q

SCID

A

severe combined immunodeficiency

31
Q

band neutrophil

A

immature and released by bone marrow in time of need

32
Q

First law of immunology

A

B cell receptors - detect whole antigen on pathogen surface in ECF
T cell receptors - detect antigen fragments (peptides) on surface of other cells (MHC molecules)

33
Q

Second law (infection sites)

A

CD8 MHC I cytoplasm Intracellular infections
CD4 MHC II extracellular fluid Extracellular infections

34
Q

MHC I

A

three alpha domains, beta 2 stabilises acting as a scaffold protein

35
Q

MHC II

A

alpha and beta chain - 2 of each subunits.

36
Q

MHC I pathway

A

presentation of intracellular antigens and peptides from viral proteins in the cytoplasm. Proteosome digests viral proteins (recycling unit).
Antigen in cytoplasm - (proteasomal degradation) - peptide fragment - to ER - where MHC I synthesised and peptide loaded - MHC I via Golgi to surface detected by CD8

37
Q

MHC II pathway

A

presentation of extracellular proteins via APCs (macrophage, B cell, dendritic cell).
MHC II in ER by invariant chain chaperone protein - globular head preventing binding of endogenous peptides - CLIP protein left on peptide binding groove

Foreign antigen endocytosed, lysosomes (antigen - peptides) by acid proteases, MIIC compartment (MHC and endocytotic merge), CLIP removed and foreign antigen replaces it, MHC II to surface - CD4

38
Q

How are MHC genes are inherited

A

co-dominant 3x each parent

39
Q

T cells journey

A

surveillance to secondary lymph nodes, express cell adhesion molecules and travel thro HEV and interact with dendritic cells in LN paracortex. CD4 inspect MHC II and CD8 MHC I and if no recognition leave in efferent lymph - thoracic ducts - bloodstream

40
Q

TCR:CD3

A

converts binding to signal

41
Q

innate

A

antigen non-specific

42
Q

adaptive

A

antigen specific

43
Q

ciclosporin

A

immunosuppressant blocking T cell activation

44
Q

naive T cells need co-stimulatory signals

A

‘danger signal’ via PRRs. CD80/86 molecules expressed which amplifies TCR recognition signal. Ligation CD28 - accelerator.

45
Q

CD8

A

killer and memory

46
Q

CD4

A

TH1 ,TH2 ,Treg , TH3

47
Q

CD8 killer

A

leave secondary tissue and reenter circulation and target inflamed endothelium - seek and destroy virus infected cells in tissue.

48
Q

Signal 1

49
Q

Signal 2

A

CD80/86 CD28

50
Q

Signal 3

A

CD4 T cell differentiation - cytokine response to PRRs

51
Q

CD4

A

TH1 via MHC II interaction with TCR. T cells secrete cytokines - IFN-gamma - HULKIFY macrophages. important for vesicular infections

52
Q

TH1

A

cell-mediated immunity

53
Q

TH2

A

antibody mediated immunity

54
Q

CD4 TH17

A

pro-inflammatory - epithelial and mucosal surfaces

55
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

prevent immune response getting out of control - downregulates CD28 and expresses CTLA-4 (brake)

56
Q

Thymic (natural) Tregs - nTregs

A

self reactive T cells that have escaped negative selection and suppressive in nature. Produces IL10

57
Q

Peripheral (induced) T regs

A

from naive CD4 T cells in secondary tissue - end of immune response and IL10

58
Q

TH3

A

produced in MALT and produce regulatory cytokines (TGF-beta) - IgA and proinflammatory response in tissues

59
Q

recognition signal

A

TCR: MHC I peptide

60
Q

Danger signal

A

CD28:CD80/86

61
Q

Titre

A

greatest dilution of serum where antibodies can still be detected

62
Q

glycoproteins

A

2 identical heavy and 2 identical light chains linked by disulphide bonds

63
Q

Fab portion

A

antibody specific

Lymphatics (1 decks)

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