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Lymphatics term 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Erythropoiesis

A

creating RBCs

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2
Q

Myelopoiesis

A

granulocyte (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)

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3
Q

Thrombopoiesis

A

platelets

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4
Q

Lymphopoiesis

A

lymphocytes (T and B cells) - ADAPTIVE

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5
Q

Foetus 0-2 months

A

yolk sac

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6
Q

Foetus 2-7 months

A

liver and spleen

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7
Q

Proliferation neutrophil pool stage (ProNP) 1

A

Myeloblast, Progranulocyte, Myelocyte

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8
Q

Maturation neutrophil pool (MatNP) 2

A

Metamyelocyte, band neutrophil, segmented neutrophil

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9
Q

final stage (storage neutrophil pool) SNP

A

released into marrow sinusoids

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10
Q

CNP (circulating neutrophil pool)

A

neutrophils not mature - sampled during blood collection

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11
Q

MNP (marginated neutrophil pool)

A

ready to exit circulation and migrate into tissues - tissue neutrophil pool

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12
Q

monopoiesis

A

stem cell to monocyte/macrophage

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13
Q

MALT

A

mucosal associated lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

SCF

A

stem cell factor

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15
Q

adaptive immune system

A

B and T cells

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16
Q

innate immune system

A

basophils, neutrophils, monocyte, platelets, RBCs

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17
Q

B cells

A

bone marrow - plasma cells

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18
Q

T cells

A

thymus - CD8 killer or CD4 helper

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19
Q

maturation pathway

A

gene rearrangement, lineage commitment, education and functional maturation

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20
Q

B cell

A

Naive proteins, antibodies

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21
Q

T cells

A

degraded proteins bound by MHC, cytokines

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22
Q

antibody chain

A

Light VJC heavy VDJC

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23
Q

T cell receptor

A

alpha VJC beta VDJC

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24
Q

T cells - mutation or class switch?

A

no somatic mutation no class switch

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25
B cells - mutation or class switch?
Both do
26
B lineage
to immunoglobulin genes
27
T lineage
to T cell receptor genes
28
MHC I
CD8
29
MHC II
CD4
30
SCID
severe combined immunodeficiency
31
band neutrophil
immature and released by bone marrow in time of need
32
First law of immunology
B cell receptors - detect whole antigen on pathogen surface in ECF T cell receptors - detect antigen fragments (peptides) on surface of other cells (MHC molecules)
33
Second law (infection sites)
CD8 MHC I cytoplasm Intracellular infections CD4 MHC II extracellular fluid Extracellular infections
34
MHC I
three alpha domains, beta 2 stabilises acting as a scaffold protein
35
MHC II
alpha and beta chain - 2 of each subunits.
36
MHC I pathway
presentation of intracellular antigens and peptides from viral proteins in the cytoplasm. Proteosome digests viral proteins (recycling unit). Antigen in cytoplasm - (proteasomal degradation) - peptide fragment - to ER - where MHC I synthesised and peptide loaded - MHC I via Golgi to surface detected by CD8
37
MHC II pathway
presentation of extracellular proteins via APCs (macrophage, B cell, dendritic cell). MHC II in ER by invariant chain chaperone protein - globular head preventing binding of endogenous peptides - CLIP protein left on peptide binding groove Foreign antigen endocytosed, lysosomes (antigen - peptides) by acid proteases, MIIC compartment (MHC and endocytotic merge), CLIP removed and foreign antigen replaces it, MHC II to surface - CD4
38
How are MHC genes are inherited
co-dominant 3x each parent
39
T cells journey
surveillance to secondary lymph nodes, express cell adhesion molecules and travel thro HEV and interact with dendritic cells in LN paracortex. CD4 inspect MHC II and CD8 MHC I and if no recognition leave in efferent lymph - thoracic ducts - bloodstream
40
TCR:CD3
converts binding to signal
41
innate
antigen non-specific
42
adaptive
antigen specific
43
ciclosporin
immunosuppressant blocking T cell activation
44
naive T cells need co-stimulatory signals
'danger signal' via PRRs. CD80/86 molecules expressed which amplifies TCR recognition signal. Ligation CD28 - accelerator.
45
CD8
killer and memory
46
CD4
TH1 ,TH2 ,Treg , TH3
47
CD8 killer
leave secondary tissue and reenter circulation and target inflamed endothelium - seek and destroy virus infected cells in tissue.
48
Signal 1
CD4
49
Signal 2
CD80/86 CD28
50
Signal 3
CD4 T cell differentiation - cytokine response to PRRs
51
CD4
TH1 via MHC II interaction with TCR. T cells secrete cytokines - IFN-gamma - HULKIFY macrophages. important for vesicular infections
52
TH1
cell-mediated immunity
53
TH2
antibody mediated immunity
54
CD4 TH17
pro-inflammatory - epithelial and mucosal surfaces
55
Regulatory T cells
prevent immune response getting out of control - downregulates CD28 and expresses CTLA-4 (brake)
56
Thymic (natural) Tregs - nTregs
self reactive T cells that have escaped negative selection and suppressive in nature. Produces IL10
57
Peripheral (induced) T regs
from naive CD4 T cells in secondary tissue - end of immune response and IL10
58
TH3
produced in MALT and produce regulatory cytokines (TGF-beta) - IgA and proinflammatory response in tissues
59
recognition signal
TCR: MHC I peptide
60
Danger signal
CD28:CD80/86
61
Titre
greatest dilution of serum where antibodies can still be detected
62
glycoproteins
2 identical heavy and 2 identical light chains linked by disulphide bonds
63
Fab portion
antibody specific

Lymphatics (1 decks)

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