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Gross Anatomy II > Lymphatics of Head and Neck; Breast > Flashcards

Lymphatics of Head and Neck; Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

A

1) Picks ups protein molecules from tissue fluid which are too large to pass through capillaries and transports them to the bloodstream.
2) It returns excess tissue fluid to the blood stream
3) It produces lymphocytes

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2
Q

Define: Lymph Node

A

Swellings found along the lymphatic system. They produce lymphoctes and act as filters for the lymph, preventing foreign bodies from entering the bloodstream.

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3
Q

Define: Afferent lymph vessels

A

drain lymph to a node

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4
Q

Define: Efferent lymph vessels

A

drain lymph from a node

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5
Q

What helps move lymph in the lymphatic system?

A

skeletal muscle contraction

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6
Q

What are the superficial nodes of the head?

A

occipital, mastoid, and parotid

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7
Q

*What are the superficial nodes of the neck?

A

submandibular, submental, anterior cervical and superficial cervical

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8
Q

The superficial cervical node follows the course of what vein?

A

external jugular vein

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9
Q

The deeper cervical nodes follow the course of what vein?

A

internal jugular vein

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10
Q

The jugulodigastric node drains what structures?

A

tongue and palatine tonsil

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11
Q

Which deep cervical node is palpable when you have tonsilitis?

A

jugulodigastric node

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12
Q

What type of deep cervical nodes from the right and left jugular trunks?

A

efferents

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13
Q

Where does the right jugular trunk drain?

A

the junction between the internal jugular and subclavian veins

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14
Q

Where does the left jugular trunk drain?

A

thoracic duct

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15
Q

What is the largest lymphatic body?

A

thoracic duct

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16
Q

What is drained by the submental nodes?

A

central portions of the lower lip, the floor of the mouth and the tip of the tongue

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17
Q

What is drained by the submandibular nodes?

A

drain the cheek, side of the nose, the upper lip, the lateral part of the lower lip, the gums and the margin of the tongue

18
Q

What is the relationship between the lymphatic system and cancer?

A

The spread of cancer follow the lymphatics which drain the affected region.

19
Q

What is lymphogenous metastasis?

A

spread of cancer via the lymphatic system, second degree tumors.

20
Q

What is a signal (sentinel) node and what does it indicate?

A

An enlarged supraclavicular node (usually on the left side); indication of a visceral tumor of the thorax or abdomen

21
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

a primary tumor of the lymph node, composed of lymphatic tissue

22
Q

What are the two types of lymphomas and which has a better prognosis?

A

Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s has a better prognosis.

23
Q

When diagnosing a patient, a tender or painful lymph node indicates:

A

infection

24
Q

When diagnosing a patient, a hard or painless lymph node indicates:

A

cyst development or cancer

25
Q

What is filariasis?

A

parasitic infection of the lymphatic system (worms)

26
Q

What is the location of breast tissue?

A

between the second and sixth ribs and between the sternum and midaxillary line.

27
Q

What is the midaxillary line?

A

a vertical line dividing the armpit into anterior and posterior halves.

28
Q

Where is the nipple usually located?

A

fourth intercostal space

29
Q

What is the ring of pigmented skin which surrounds the nipple?

A

areola

30
Q

What is the axillary process (tail)?

A

portion of the breast which extends back into the armpit.

31
Q

Why is the axillary process clinically important?

A

Frequent site for cancer

32
Q

What are the suspensory ligaments of breast?

A

strong fibrous septa which support the breast

33
Q

What is a mammary gland?

A

modified sweat gland located in the superficial fascia. Each gland has 15 to 20 lobes of glandular tissue

34
Q

Where does the lobe of glandular tissue open?

A

onto the tip of the nipple through a lactiferous duct

35
Q

What is a lactiferous sinus?

A

expansion of the lactiferous duct, which serves as a reservoir for milk during lactation

36
Q

What is the blood supply of the breast?

A

Internal thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracic artery, intercostal arteries

37
Q

What lymph nodes drain the breast?

A

axillary nodes, parasternal nodes, nodes of the opposite breast, and nodes of the anterior abdominal wall.

38
Q

Seventy-five percent of the lymph from the breast drain to the ____ node.

A

axillary

39
Q

What is the most common form of cancer in women?

A

breast cancer

40
Q

Where does breast cancer usually spread first?

A

to the axillary lymph nodes then to the blood stream

41
Q

What are the clinical signs of cancer?

A

1) dimpling, 2) inverted nipple, 3) leathery thickening of the skin

42
Q

What is one cause of midthoracic back pain in a female?

A

breast cancer

Gross Anatomy II (2 decks)

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