lymphatics and salivary glands Flashcards
list the 4 main tonsils of the tonsillar ring and name their locations
- palantine: between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal
- tubal: lateral walls of the nasopharynx posterior to the auditory tubes
- pharyngeal: roof of the nasopharynx (aka adenoids
- lingual: base of the tongue, posterior 2/3s
list the major salivary glands
- parotid gland
- submandibular gland
- sublingual gland
describe the development of the parotid gland
- develops from invagination of ectoderm between maxillary and mandibular swellings
- tubular ducts sink into the mesenchyme
- duct opening in mouth is transferred the inner surface of check during the fusion of max and mand swellings
what germ layer forms the major salivary glands?
ectoderm
describe the development of the submandibular and sublingual glands
- form through a similar process in the floor of the oral cavity
- formed from epithelial-mesenchymal interactions
what are the two types of major salivary gland secretions?
- serous
- mucuous
describe a serous secretion
- thin watery fluid
- enzymes
- Peroxidases
- Amylases
- Lysozyme
- lactoferrin: chelates iron needed for bacterial growth
- immunoglobulin A: neutralizes bacteria and viruses
describe a mucous secretion
- thick fluid
- glycoproteins called mucins
describe the stimulation and innervation of saliva
- parasympathetic (rest and digest): thin saliva, to facilitate digestion (which corresponds with “rest and digest”)
- sympathetic (fight or flight): thicker mucous, to facilitate respiration (which corresponds to “fight or flight”)
list the components of saliva
- electrolytes
- amylase
- lipase
- mucus
- lysozyme
- lactoferrin
- immunoglobulin A
- SLIPI
what is included in electrolytes?
- sodium
- potassium
- chloride
- phosphate
- bicarbonate ions
what do amylase, lipase and mucus do?
- amylase: digest carbs
- lipase: digest fat, activated by stomach
- mucus: lubricates food, aids swallowing
what do lysozymes, lactoferrin and immunoglobulin A do?
- lysozymes: enzyme that attacks bacterial cell wall
- lactoferrin: chelates iron to stop bacterial growth
- IgA: antibody
what does SLIPI stand for? what does it do?
- secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
- thought to be a potent antimicrobial agent
list the salivary ducts
- intercalated
- striated
- excretory
describe an intercalated duct
- receives fluid from the acinus
- simple cuboidal epithelium
describe a striated duct
- simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
- produces a hypotonic saliva by reabsorbing NaCl
- secretes buffering bicarbonate into the saliva
describe an excretory duct
- connects to the oral cavity
- simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium
- occasionally stratified columnar epithelium
list the highlights of the parotid salivary gland
- lateral border of the face and anterior to the ear
- prodcues 25% of saliva
- excretes through the parotid duct (stenson’s duct) and parotid papilla
- primarily serous secreting
- granules of acinar cells contain:
- enzymes (peroxidase, amylase, lysosyme)
- antimicrobial proteins (cystatins and histatins)
- striated duct carries products of the acini and dilutes the saliva by reabsorbing NaCl
- IgA secreted from local plasma cells
list the highlights of the submandibular gland
- lateral border of the mandible
- produces 70% of saliva
- excretes through the submandibular duct (wharton’s duct) on both sides of lingual frenulum
- mixed glands with mostly serous secretions
- both serous and mucous cells
- right inset is a striated duct
list the highlights of the sublingual salivary gland
- below the anterior portions of the tongue
- prodcues 5% of saliva
- excretes through sublingual duct next to the submandibular duct and also at multiple locations at the floor of the tongue called Ducts of Rivinus
- mixed gland with mostly mucuous secretions
briefly describe the types of secretions from each major salivary gland
parotid: mostly serous
sublingual: mostly mucous
submandibular: 50/50 serous/mucous
list the nicknames given to the ducts that each major salivary gland excretes through
parotid: stenson’s
sublingual: ducts of rivinus
submandibular: wharton’s
