Lymphatic System and the Immune Response Flashcards
What is the role of the lymphatic system?
Maintains fluid balance in body by collected excess fluids and returning them to the circulatory system
What are the main components of the lymphatic system?
- fluid/lymph
- lymphatic vessels
- lymphoid tissues and organs
- lymphocytes, phagocytes and other immune cells
What are the different immune cells in insect?
plasmatocytes
- cell ingestion (phagocytosis)
- ~95% of hemocytes
crystal cells
- involved in melanization + wound repair
- engulf microbes/pathogens in hard case and destroy with anti-microbial peptides + other proteins
lamellocytes
- involved with encapsulation
What are the cellular events of the invertebrate immune response?
- phagocytosis
- nodule formation
- encapsulation
Refer to summary sheet for more detail about process
What are the major types of vertebrate leukocytes?
Make a table.
- neutrophil
- eosinophil
- basophil
- monocyte/macrophage
- lymphocyte
Add more info in table
Describe vertebrate hematopoesis.
Hematopoesis: blood cell production
Refer to flowchart on summary sheet
Describe the origin and distribution of lymphocytes.
Refer to flowchart on summary sheet
What are the different forms of immunity?
Innate (non-specific) immunity
- present at birth; genetically determined
- depends on NK cells
Acquired (specific) immunity
- after birth; acquired when exposed to an antigen
- depends on T+B cells
- protects us against further attack
- immune memory
- active: antibodies develop after exposure to an antigen either through environmental exposure to pathogens or through vaccines containing pathogens
- passive: antibodies are transferred from another source either from antibodies acquired from the mother or by injection of antibodies
Describe the innate defenses.
Refer to flowchart on summary sheet
Describe the coordinated activities of T+B cells and how that contributes to adaptive defenses.
Adaptive immunity involves recognizing + memorizing what pathogen looks like and getting ready for potential future attack.
Refer to flowchart on summary sheet for more detail
Describe the antibody structure and its function.
Two parallel pairs of polypeptide chains
- one pair heavy, one pair light = kept together by disulfide bridges
- antigen recognition sites will recognize antigenic areas on a pathogen or misbehaving cell
Draw for clearer picture -> refer to summary sheet for diagram
What does the antigen-antibody complex result in?
Neutralization and destruction of antigen
How do vaccines work?
Refer to flowchart on summary sheet
How does the COVID-19 vaccine work?
Hint: it is a mRNA-based vaccine
What are autoimmune disorders?
A malfunction of system that recognizes and ignores “normal” antigens
- activated B cells make auto-antibodies against body cells
