Lymphatic System Flashcards
Lymphatic system functions
Fluid balance in tissues, absorption of lipids from the small intestine and defends against pathogens
The lymphatic system includes
Lymph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the tonsils , the spleen and the thymus.
Lymphatic route
Fluid moves from blood capillaries into the tissue spaces. Most of the fluid returns to the blood but some of the fluid moves from the tissue spaces into lymphatic capillaries to become lymph.
Lymphatic capillaries
Tiny closed ended vessels consisting of simple squamous epithelium
Lymphatic capillaries are not present where
Central nervous system, bone marrow and tissues lacking blood vessel such as the epidermis and cartilage .
Three factors that causes compression of the lymphatic vessels
Contraction of surrounding skeletal muscle during activity, periodic contraction smooth muscle in the lymphatic vessel wall and pressure changes in the thorax during breathing
Where does the lymphatic vessels converge and empty
Right lymphatic duct: right upper limb and the right half of the head, neck, and chest. Which empties at the right subclavian vein
Thoracic duct: lymphatic vessels from the rest of the body empties at the left subclavian vein
Lymphatic organs includes
Tonsils, the lymph nodes, the spleen , and the Thymus
Three groups of tonsils
The paired palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsils, and the lingual tonsils
Removal of the pharyngeal tonsils
Tonsillectomy
Removal of the palatine tonsils
Adenoidectomy
There are three superficial aggregation of lymph nodes on each side of the body
Inguinal lymph nodes in the groin, the axillary nodes in the axillary, the cervical nodes in the neck
Lymphatic tissue consist a of lymphocytes and other cells that can form dense aggregation of tissue called
Lymphatic nodules
Spaces between the lymphatic tissue that contain macrophages on a network of fibers
Lymphatic sinuses
Capsule
Tissue that surrounds the lymph node
Extension of the capsule and subdivides a lymph node into compartments containing lymph tissues and lymph sinuses
Trabeculae
As lymph moves through the lymph nodes two functions are activated
Activated the immune system, the second function is to remove pathogens from the lymph through action of macrophages
Lymph nodules that contains the rapidly dividing lymphocytes
Germinal centers
Roughly the size of a clenched fist and is located in the left, superior corner of the abdominal cavity
Spleen
The spleen filters blood instead of the lymph. Also removes and destroys old damaged red blood cells
Removal of the spleen
Splenectomy
The ability to resist damage from pathogens, such as microorganism; harmful chemicals , such as toxins released by microorganism
Immunity
Immunity is categorized to two system
Innate immunity and adaptive immunity
Innate immunity involves many mechanisms that help protect the body it includes
Physical barriers , chemical mediators, white blood cells, and the inflammatory response
A small phagocytic white blood cells
Neutrophils
Adaptive immunity exhibits two defining characteristics :
Specificity and memory
Substances that stimulate adaptive immune responses
Antigen
Antigens can be divided into two groups
Foreign antigens and self antigens
Adaptive immunity can be divided into
Antibody mediated immunity and cell mediated immunity
4 four ways to acquire adaptive immunity
Active natural , active artificial , passive natural, and passive artificial
