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Chapter 20 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

The lymphatic system

A

Two semi-independent parts

A network of lymphatic vessels; lymphoid tissue and organs scattered throughout the body
Houses phagocytes and lymphocyte essential for body’s defense

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2
Q

The lymphatic system’s job

A

Return interstitial fluid and leaked plasma proteins back to the blood

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3
Q

What is Lymph?

A

Interstitial fluid once it has entered lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

What is the order in which lymph travels?

A

A one-way system, lymph flows towards the heart

lymphatic collecting vessels with valves -> lymph nodes -> lymph trunks -> lymph ducts.

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5
Q

How lymph vessels similar to capillaries?

A

Very permeable
loosely joined endothelial minivalves
withstand interstitial pressure and remain open

Minivalves function as one way gates

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6
Q

During inflammation lymph vessels open and absorb

A

Cell debris
pathogens
cancer cells

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7
Q

Lacteals

A

Specialized lymph capillaries present in intestinal mucosa

Lymph from digestive viscera has a milky color

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8
Q

Lacteals Function

A

Absorbs digested fat and deliver this chyle (juice) to the blood

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9
Q

Lymphangitis

A

When vessels are inflamed the vasa vasorum becomes congested with blood and red streaks; can be seen under the skin

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10
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

Drains the right upper arm and the right side of the head and thorax

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11
Q

Thoracic duct

A

Arises from the cisterna chyli and intestinal trunk and drains the rest of the body

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12
Q

Cisterna chyli

A

Collect lymph from the two lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs

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13
Q

Intestinal trunk

A

Collect lymph from digestive organs

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14
Q

Lymphatic trunks

A

Are formed by the union of the largest collecting vessels
major trunks include:
Paired lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian and jugular trunks

a single intestinal trunk

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15
Q

How is lymph transported?

A 
Same method As veins,
 milking action of skeletal muscles 
pressure changes in thorax
 pulsations of nearby arteries
 contractions of smooth muscle in the wall of the lymphatics
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16
Q

How much lymph is transported each day?

A

Approximately 3 L of lymph enters the bloodstream every 24 hours

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17
Q

Antigen

A

Anything the body perceives as foreign
bacteria and toxins; viruses
mismatches RBCs or cancer cells

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18
Q

T-Cell

A

T = thymus
manages the immune response
Attacks and destroys foreign cells
( helper and cytotoxic)

19
Q

B cell

A

Produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies

antibodies immobilize antigens until they can be destroyed

20
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytize foreign substances and help activate T cells

21
Q

Dendritic cells

A

Spiny-looking cells with functions similar to macrophages

22
Q

Reticular cells

A

Fibroblast-like cells that produce a stroma or network, that supports other cell types in lymphoid organs

23
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Principal lymphoid organ of the body
Embedded in connective tissue and clustered along lymphatic vessels
Aggregations of these nodes occur near the body surface inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body

24
Q

Lymph nodes two basic functions

A

Filtration

immune system activation

25
Q

Filtration

A

Lymph is filtered, Then macrophages destroy any microorganisms and debris

26
Q

Immune system activation

A

Lymphocytes in the nodes monitor for antigens and mount an attack against them

27
Q

Nodes have what two distinct regions

A

A cortex and a medulla

28
Q

Why are there more afferent than efferent vessels

A

It gives lymphocyte and Macrophages in the efferent vessels time to carry out protective functions

29
Q

Bubonic plague

A

“black death” lymph nodes overwhelmed by bacteria, large amounts of bacteria are trapped in the nodes, become swollen, inflamed, painful, infected nodes are called buboes

30
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ, located on the left side of the abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm
It is served by the splenic artery and vein which enter and exit at the hilus

31
Q

Spleen function

A 
Site of lymphocyte proliferation 
Immune surveillance and response 
cleanses the blood 
stores breakdown products of RBCs for later reuse 
Stores blood platelets 
Site of fetal erythrocyte production
32
Q

Spleen white pulp

A

Containing mostly lymphocyte suspended on reticular fibers and involved in immune functions

33
Q

Spleen red pulp

A

Remaining splenic tissues concerned with disposing of worn-out RBCs and blood-borne pathogen

34
Q

Thymus gland

A

A bilobed organ That secretes hormones that cause T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent
(Train T lymphocytes) responsible for lymphocyte maturation
Size varies with age
Does not directly fight antigen

35
Q

Tonsils

A

Simplest lymphoid organ

Palatine, lingual, Pharyngeal, tubal

36
Q

Tonsil crypt

A

Traps and destroys bacteria and particulate matter

37
Q

Peyers patch

A

Isolated clusters of lymphoid tissue similar to tonsils
destroy bacteria preventing them from breaching the intestinal wall
Generate memory lymphocytes for long-term immunity

38
Q

MALT mucosa associated Lymphatic tissue

A

Peyers Patch, tonsils and the appendix
Lymphoid nodules in the walls of the bronchi

protect the digestive and respiratory systems from foreign matter

39
Q

Lymphoma

A

Any neoplasm (tumor) of the lymphoid tissue

40
Q

Hodgkin’s disease

A

Malignancy of lymphoid tissue with swollen, nonpainful nodes, fatigue, intermittent fever. characterized by giant malignantly transformed B cells

41
Q

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

All cancers of lymphoid tissue except Hodgkin’s disease

42
Q

Mononucleosis

A

Viral disease common in young people. Epstein-Barr virus attacks the B cells. T cells attack the virus-laden B cells. characterize by large numbers of enlarged T cells in the blood. these were mistaken for monocytes thus the erroneous name
“the kissing disease”

43
Q

Elephantiasis

A

Lymphatics become clogged with parasitic roundworms, swelling from edema

Chapter 20 (1 decks)

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